⑴ 求論文"中小企業融資困境及解決對策"的外文參考文獻和中文翻譯一篇
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看看這個咋樣
⑵ 急急急！！！！！！跪求有關中小企業融資問題的外文文獻翻譯 要求有作者和文章來源 不少於25000位元組。
外文文獻翻譯成中文1000字左右）： 【主要閱讀文獻不少於5篇，譯文後附註文獻信息，包括：作者、書名（或論文題目）、出 版 社（或刊物名稱）、出版時間（或刊號）、頁碼。提供所譯外文資料附件（印刷類含封面、封底、目錄、翻譯部分的復印件等，網站類的請附網址及原文】 中小企業融資的創新 中小企業融資的文件 盡管政府、銀行和各金融機構採取了一系列的措施，中小企業仍面臨著一些挑戰，這是具有普遍性的。這些問題涉及到抵押問題，貸款難，拖延應收款，技術過時，營銷道路不暢等。印度為了解決上述的問題，採取了一些新的融資工具並創建了新的融資體制。這些措施包括： 1. 小型工業的信用保證基金信託 印度政府與印度小企業發展銀行，已成立了一個小型工業信用保證基金信託（ CGTSI ）實施保障計劃。主體信託擬加強從目前的7億到25億美元。其主要目的是促進信用較低的小型企業的融資，鼓勵銀行向值得貸款的企業免除抵押方式的貸款。在過去三年間，有資格的小型工業的貸款約2.5萬被納入該計劃之中且CGTSI擔保貸款的信用機構的會員迄今已擴大到約18,000名，涉及的貸款額約3億美元。CGTSI考慮今年把他們的業務增至與去年相比的三倍。一些新的信用保證制度，如相互信貸保證計劃等類似的計劃在義大利和歐洲其他國家也正在制訂中。 2. 風險分擔機制 雖然CGTSI延伸保證支付的貸款高達2.5萬美元，但有需要提供擔保的銀行貸款超過上述限額。根據世界銀行牽頭籌資問題和發展中小企業的計劃，有可能為中小企業引入的風險分擔機制正在研究中。主理銀行和獨立機構之間將按同樣的比例共同承擔銀行向中小企業貸款的風險。當然，該機制將按成本獲得收益。這一機制到時候，將減輕銀行的信貸風險和高級中小企業的資金問題。 3. 創業資金 關於新的資金來源，許多國家正在考慮放寬有關風險資本投資的規則。在印度也已經採取了各種措施這個方向發展。印度小企業發展銀行以及其他一些機構在該國已經帶頭採取了促進風險投資。根據資料顯示該銀行已設立了16個國家一級/區域一級的資金，為軟體和IT業設立了約1億美元的國家基金，近來還新建立了約1億美元的中小企業發展基金。該基金將致力於醫葯，生物技術，輕工程，軟體和其他領域。中小企業發展基金預期將增至5億美元。 4. 小額貸款 實現潛在的小額貸款將促進經濟的增長，印度小企業發展銀行一直把重點放在增加有能力的部門來處理信貸和小額貸款的支出的增加。印度小企業發展銀行基金會的小額貸款運作部門，在2004年裡已累計批准了710萬美元的財政援助。根據該方案，過去4年累計援助的受益人超過100萬，其中大部分是婦女。對於未解決的投資方案，有可能從2004年3月底910萬美元增至今年年底的2億美元。 5. 中小企業基金 印度政府和印度小企業發展銀行最重要的部門之間所採取的行動是建立100億美元的中小企業基金，以期推動資金流向中小企業。印度小企業發展銀行經過仔細考慮，設立基金和開展其業務從2004年4月開始生效。按照規定，基金援助提供給利率在銀行PLR基準點200以下的中小企業。通過中小企業發展銀行辦公廳向中小 企業提供的直接援助正在擴大，主要的貸款機構也提供9.5%利率的再融資。SFCs可可獲得7.5%~8%利率的再融資的收益。除了SFCs外，通過商業銀行，中小企業基金提供的援助用於路由。該基金的流動除了提升對中小企業的援助，還解決了跨部門的貸款費用問題。 6. 為中小企業設立一個專門的信用評級機構 為了解決信貸需求方面的問題，主動採取行動以支持機制的信息共享和信用評級。為了加強信貸信息和便於銀行進行信貸決策，印度小企業發展銀行已決定推出一個專門為中小企業的信用評級協會與公共部門銀行。銀行可以選擇與公共部門的銀行和信貸評級機構交流信息，本年度該機構就有可能開展業務。 7. 資產證券化 為了擴大中小企業的援助范圍，資產證券化進程提供由發起人和channelise資金的載體購買中小企業的投資組合的機會。這樣的組合可以被購買方保留，也可以根據資本市場的變動被出售給投資者。印度小企業發展銀行最近已獲准由印度政府開展的業務，進行資產證券化。
⑶ 求中小企業融資問題的參考文獻，要2007年以後的！
[1]林毅夫、李季軍:中小金融機構發展與中小企業融資[J]．經濟研究,2007（1）
[2]李東艷:關於中小企業融資難問題的探討[J].北方經濟,2008（11）
[3]李璞:中小企業融資困難成因與對策[J].國際商務財會,2008（8）
[4]連平:如何解決中小企業融資難[N].第一財經日報,2008,7,23
[5]鄧聿文:中小企業的冬天來了嗎[N].上海證券報,2008,8,8
[6]王禧揚、趙明星：中小企業融資方式研究[J].經濟論壇,2009(1)
[7]林毅夫：建立信用體系解決中小企業融資難[J].世界商業評論，2008(12)
[8]鄧華光：中小企業融資難困局求解[J].中南論叢，2007（1）
[9]紀敏：我國中小企業融資與金融體系完善[J].[現代經濟學前沿專題，2007（3）
[10]劉穎：關於中小企業融資問題的探討[J].武漢大學學報(社會科學版)，2010（3）
[11]張建營：中小企業融資實戰[J].中國工商聯合出版社，2007（5）
⑷ 急求有關中小企業融資問題的外文文獻
提供一些有關中小企業融資問題的外文文獻，供寫作參考。
[1] Allen N Berger, Gregory F Udell. The Economics of Small Business Finance:The Role of Private Equity and Debt Markets in Financial Growth Cycle .Journal of Banking and Finance, 1998, (22) .
[2] Modigliani, F, and Miller, M. h. The cost of capital, corporate finance and the theory of investment .American Economic Review, 1958, (6) :261-297 .
[3] Mallick, R,&Chakrabotty, A. Credit gap in small business: Some New Evidence[J] .Working Paper from Econpapers. 2002, .
[4] OECD. A Framework for the Development and Financing of Dynamic Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Turkey .2005,7, (7) .
[5] Peterson, M,Rajan, R.G. The Benefits of firmcreditor relationship: Evidence from small business data .Journal of Finance, 1994, (49) :3-37 .
[6] SBA. White Paper of Small Business Administration(1998-2000) .the US Government Printing Office, .
[7] Kane,E.J. Accelerating inflation,technological innovation,and the decreasing effectiveness of banking regulation .The Journal of Finance36,355-367. 1981, .
[8] Goss D. Small Business and Society .Routledge. 1991, .
[9] Samuelson L. Evolutionary Games and Equilibrium Selec-tion[M] .1997, .
⑸ 急求關於中小企業融資問題的英文文獻
Small Business Loan 101
Essentials of Small Business Loan
From Naurys Marte, for About.com
As a small business owner, your most difficult task is finding the money to operate your business. Taking the necessary steps to prepare for a small business loan can minimize the difficulty. Learn what you need to know to clinch the loan deal.
Banks and other lending institutions cite risk factors as their main reason for turning down small business loan requests from startup businesses. Yet, you can still get a loan for your business by proper preparation.
Avoid the common error of thinking you can start with grants from the government and community agencies. It is even more unlikely than getting the money from your own savings, family, friends, or a bank.
The main requirements of attaining a small business loan are your personal credit history, business plan, experience, ecation, and feasibility of the business you are starting or expanding.
The most important task to obtain a small business loan is preparing a business plan. The business plan needs to show the lender that providing you with a small business loan is a low-risk proposition. Your business plan must answer the questions a lending institution would ask. These questions usually are:
How much money do you need?
If you are starting a business, this should be included at least in the start-up capital estimate. Accuracy is important, so request enough money to invest wisely.
What are you going to do with the money?
You will have to provide, in detail, the designated use of every dollar requested. A small business loan is often needed for: operations (new employees, marketing, etc.), assets (equipment, real estate, etc.), or to pay off business debts.
When will you repay the small business loan?
Explain in detail how this small business loan will serve as a stepping-stone for your business. You will need to convince the lender (with your financial statements and cash flow projections) that you are able to repay the loan through the expected long-term profitability of your business.
What will you do if you don't get the loan?
Let lenders know that rejection will not discourage you from starting or growing your business. You want to portray a confident and determined personality and you will try lender after lender until you receive the money you need to get your business moving.
As a small business owner, you will need a certain degree of fortitude. Be confident and proud of your venture. Let lenders know you are in control and know what's best for you and your business. Understand that lending institutions need to make loans. But if you don't get one, don't get discouraged. Ask the lender why you didn't get the small business loan. Learn from the answer, move on, and try other lenders.
The Women's Venture Fund is a resource for women in business who need money and training to expand their venture for New York or New Jersey businesses. To learn more about the Women's Venture Fund call 212-563-0499 or visit www.womensventurefund.org.
Small Business Loan Resources
Getting a Small Business LoanSmall Business Banking 101New Rules of Small Business Financing
Small Business Information Resources
Email Guide: Darrell ZahorskyArticles Reprint PermissionSubmit Articles to Small Business
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* Getting A Small Business Loan - Making A Winning Business Loan Presentation
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* Business Loans - Preparation for Application for Business Loans
⑹ 中小企業融資現狀及其原因分析的參考文獻有哪些
李波：OFⅡ在中國證券市場上的投資貨幣分析，市場與發展，2003年第3期
[2] 鄒傳太：債轉股的財務效益淺析，經濟與管理，2003年第1期
[3] 朱邦富：企業間債轉股，企業管理，2002年第5期
[4] 肖霞，民營科技企業發展中的融資分析，市場與發展，2003年第2期
[5] 李樹丞，劉長庚，楚爾鳴等：中國民營高科技企業發展研究報告，經濟科學出版社
[6] 康成傑，柴靖靜：優化個體私營經濟發展法制環境的對策和建設，經濟與管理，2003年第1期
[7] 鄧紅征，周長信：中小企業融資效率的模糊綜合評價，企業經濟，2003年第2期
[8] 歐江波，歐群芳：美國對小企業的財政金融支持及其啟示，企業經濟，2003年第1期
[9] 鄧向榮，於中鵬：民營企業股權優化與穩定機制研究，現代經濟探討，2003年第3期
[10]王婷：中小企業融資問題探討，企業經濟，2003年第2期
[11]曾愛青，劉智勇：多方努力共同營造中小民企融資多贏格局，企業經濟，2003年第1期
[12]肖俠：求解我國中小企業融資難的整合創新，企業經濟，2003年第3期
[13]花愛梅：信用管理：現代企業管理的新課題，企業經濟，2003年第2期
[14]張青美，施林琳，李紅：中國民營企業融資問題的思考，企業經濟，2003年第2期
[15]張荇，陳永志：大力發展融資租賃業改善中小企業融資困境，經濟與管理，2003年第3期
[16]馮雪飛，王競天，韓俊：中小企業創新與融資，上海財經大學出版社
[17]方利勝，狄娜：中小企業信用擔保，上海財經大學出版社
[18]鎖箭：中小企業發展的國際比較，中國社會科學出版社
[19]林祖基，邵漢青：資本市場融資與運作，海天出版社
[20]陳曉紅，楊艷軍：二板上市之路，湖南人民出版社
⑺ 關於 中小企業融資難相關 的 外文著作或者文獻。。
SME financing in the UK and inChina: a comparative perspective
作者Javed Hussain, Cindy Millman and Harry Matlay UCE Business School, Birmingham, UK
我也是今年的畢業生 我覺得這個還可以 你要看的話 可以把他全選中 用有道詞典翻譯下 節選就可以了
⑻ 關於中小企業融資的外文文獻近五年的 急急急，求大神幫忙 帶中文翻譯 跪求大神
外文文獻有，但翻譯沒有，翻譯得靠你自己了，如果需要可以回復即可，希望能滿足你的需要，能幫到你，多多給點懸賞分吧，急用的話請多選賞點分吧，這樣更多的知友才會及時幫到你，我找到也是很花時間的
⑼ 急求關於中小企業融資的外文參考文獻
研究中小企業融資要參考的英文文獻
英文圖書和期刊類文獻：
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