❶ 急急急！！！！！！跪求有關中小企業融資問題的外文文獻翻譯 要求有作者和文章來源 不少於25000位元組。
外文文獻翻譯成中文1000字左右）： 【主要閱讀文獻不少於5篇，譯文後附註文獻信息，包括：作者、書名（或論文題目）、出 版 社（或刊物名稱）、出版時間（或刊號）、頁碼。提供所譯外文資料附件（印刷類含封面、封底、目錄、翻譯部分的復印件等，網站類的請附網址及原文】 中小企業融資的創新 中小企業融資的文件 盡管政府、銀行和各金融機構採取了一系列的措施，中小企業仍面臨著一些挑戰，這是具有普遍性的。這些問題涉及到抵押問題，貸款難，拖延應收款，技術過時，營銷道路不暢等。印度為了解決上述的問題，採取了一些新的融資工具並創建了新的融資體制。這些措施包括： 1. 小型工業的信用保證基金信託 印度政府與印度小企業發展銀行，已成立了一個小型工業信用保證基金信託（ CGTSI ）實施保障計劃。主體信託擬加強從目前的7億到25億美元。其主要目的是促進信用較低的小型企業的融資，鼓勵銀行向值得貸款的企業免除抵押方式的貸款。在過去三年間，有資格的小型工業的貸款約2.5萬被納入該計劃之中且CGTSI擔保貸款的信用機構的會員迄今已擴大到約18,000名，涉及的貸款額約3億美元。CGTSI考慮今年把他們的業務增至與去年相比的三倍。一些新的信用保證制度，如相互信貸保證計劃等類似的計劃在義大利和歐洲其他國家也正在制訂中。 2. 風險分擔機制 雖然CGTSI延伸保證支付的貸款高達2.5萬美元，但有需要提供擔保的銀行貸款超過上述限額。根據世界銀行牽頭籌資問題和發展中小企業的計劃，有可能為中小企業引入的風險分擔機制正在研究中。主理銀行和獨立機構之間將按同樣的比例共同承擔銀行向中小企業貸款的風險。當然，該機制將按成本獲得收益。這一機制到時候，將減輕銀行的信貸風險和高級中小企業的資金問題。 3. 創業資金 關於新的資金來源，許多國家正在考慮放寬有關風險資本投資的規則。在印度也已經採取了各種措施這個方向發展。印度小企業發展銀行以及其他一些機構在該國已經帶頭採取了促進風險投資。根據資料顯示該銀行已設立了16個國家一級/區域一級的資金，為軟體和IT業設立了約1億美元的國家基金，近來還新建立了約1億美元的中小企業發展基金。該基金將致力於醫葯，生物技術，輕工程，軟體和其他領域。中小企業發展基金預期將增至5億美元。 4. 小額貸款 實現潛在的小額貸款將促進經濟的增長，印度小企業發展銀行一直把重點放在增加有能力的部門來處理信貸和小額貸款的支出的增加。印度小企業發展銀行基金會的小額貸款運作部門，在2004年裡已累計批准了710萬美元的財政援助。根據該方案，過去4年累計援助的受益人超過100萬，其中大部分是婦女。對於未解決的投資方案，有可能從2004年3月底910萬美元增至今年年底的2億美元。 5. 中小企業基金 印度政府和印度小企業發展銀行最重要的部門之間所採取的行動是建立100億美元的中小企業基金，以期推動資金流向中小企業。印度小企業發展銀行經過仔細考慮，設立基金和開展其業務從2004年4月開始生效。按照規定，基金援助提供給利率在銀行PLR基準點200以下的中小企業。通過中小企業發展銀行辦公廳向中小 企業提供的直接援助正在擴大，主要的貸款機構也提供9.5%利率的再融資。SFCs可可獲得7.5%~8%利率的再融資的收益。除了SFCs外，通過商業銀行，中小企業基金提供的援助用於路由。該基金的流動除了提升對中小企業的援助，還解決了跨部門的貸款費用問題。 6. 為中小企業設立一個專門的信用評級機構 為了解決信貸需求方面的問題，主動採取行動以支持機制的信息共享和信用評級。為了加強信貸信息和便於銀行進行信貸決策，印度小企業發展銀行已決定推出一個專門為中小企業的信用評級協會與公共部門銀行。銀行可以選擇與公共部門的銀行和信貸評級機構交流信息，本年度該機構就有可能開展業務。 7. 資產證券化 為了擴大中小企業的援助范圍，資產證券化進程提供由發起人和channelise資金的載體購買中小企業的投資組合的機會。這樣的組合可以被購買方保留，也可以根據資本市場的變動被出售給投資者。印度小企業發展銀行最近已獲准由印度政府開展的業務，進行資產證券化。
❷ 急求關於中小企業融資的外文參考文獻
研究中小企業融資要參考的英文文獻
英文圖書和期刊類文獻：
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❸ 有沒有有關中小企業融資的外文文獻。。中英文都要。。2500字左右
內容介紹：本文是關於銀行信貸緊縮，導致中小企業融資困難的文章。
不過需要做出說明的是，這篇文章是針對美國的中小企業的。
但是有點可疑肯定，文章在許多方面，對中國的中小企業同樣合適。
內容摘要：
中文：芝加哥（路透通訊社） - 信貸緊縮的驅使下，美國的住房危機似乎已經擊中另一引擎的美國經濟 -- 小企業。
英文：CHICAGO (Reuters) - The credit crunch driven by the U.S. housing crisis appears to have hit another engine of the American economy -- small businesses.
引用務必說明出處，原文版權在yeeyan.com. 而www.twoen.com僅僅做了轉載。
詳情：
http://www.yeeyan.com/articles/view/19636/4741/dz
❹ 哪位英語達人幫我翻譯一個關於中小企業融資的外文文獻吧！0
純手工翻譯，供參考。
銀行參與中小企業融資：超越關系型貸款（降低貸款條件。）
近年來，中型和小型企業（中小企業）的融資問題，已成為致力於財政與經濟發展工作的經濟學家們和政策家們的重要議題，備受關注。這種趨勢的原因在於，市場經濟中，中小型企業占絕大多數，並解決了大份額的就業問題（Hallberg，2001）。此外，多數大型企業通常是由小型企業發展而來，因此，中小型企業的發展投資能力正是經濟體進一步繁榮的關鍵。
同時，許多學者與政策家指出，中小型企業的融資問題在於缺乏合適的融資渠道，並理應得到特殊幫助。如，政府應出台增加貸款金額等相關政策。各類研究數據表明了此看法的正確性。舉例來說，一項對10,000家來自80多個不同國家的企業數據（Beck, Demirgüç-Kunt, Laeven, and Maksimovic 2006）分析表明，其中認為企業發展的最大障礙為融資難的企業，小型企業佔到39%，中型企業占據38%，而大型企業佔29%。此外，與大型企業的對外融資水平相比，小型企業平均融資資金低於大型企業13個百分點。更為重要的是，特別是對於中小型企業來說，對外融資困難是阻礙企業發展的瓶頸。（Beck, Demirgüç-Kunt, and Maksimovic 2005）
在政策方面，許多措施與政策的出台，包括政府對給予企業最高貸款的銀行單位發放津貼以及提供公共保障金，用以促進各國中小型企業的融資水平。最典型的例子要屬中國的FOGAPE（小型企業擔保基金）政策，其鼓勵銀行給予小型企業貸款，使得小型企業可在較低信用額度的情況下獲得貸款。該項政策有著眾多特點，包括鼓勵減少（貸款中）不正當行為，提升銀行之間的競爭力以及銀行自身的承擔力。
括弧里是文獻和數據引用的作者名、年份，就不翻譯了。
❺ 急求有關中小企業融資問題的外文文獻
提供一些有關中小企業融資問題的外文文獻，供寫作參考。
[1] Allen N Berger, Gregory F Udell. The Economics of Small Business Finance:The Role of Private Equity and Debt Markets in Financial Growth Cycle .Journal of Banking and Finance, 1998, (22) .
[2] Modigliani, F, and Miller, M. h. The cost of capital, corporate finance and the theory of investment .American Economic Review, 1958, (6) :261-297 .
[3] Mallick, R,&Chakrabotty, A. Credit gap in small business: Some New Evidence[J] .Working Paper from Econpapers. 2002, .
[4] OECD. A Framework for the Development and Financing of Dynamic Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Turkey .2005,7, (7) .
[5] Peterson, M,Rajan, R.G. The Benefits of firmcreditor relationship: Evidence from small business data .Journal of Finance, 1994, (49) :3-37 .
[6] SBA. White Paper of Small Business Administration(1998-2000) .the US Government Printing Office, .
[7] Kane,E.J. Accelerating inflation,technological innovation,and the decreasing effectiveness of banking regulation .The Journal of Finance36,355-367. 1981, .
[8] Goss D. Small Business and Society .Routledge. 1991, .
[9] Samuelson L. Evolutionary Games and Equilibrium Selec-tion[M] .1997, .
❻ 哪位英語達人幫我翻譯一個關於中小企業融資的外文文獻吧！1
傳統的智慧認為不足的中小企業融資是植根於"供方"功能很大程度上。 就是金融機構的運作的方式對提供中小企融資偏見 ； 作為結果很多銀行及其它財務機構成為中涉及與中小型企業不感興趣。 傳統視圖中突出顯示多個因素，可能會限制金融機構。 若要開始，因為它們很難確定公司是否有能力 （既有可行的項目） 的薪酬和/或 （由於向道德風險） 支付意願的 opaque.Opaqueness 意味著中小企融資難。 此 opaqueness 特別是削弱貸款從想從事更非人格化的機構或手臂長度融資的需要努力，目標和透明的信息。 第二，相對於大的公司中小企是更容易不拘特別在發展中國家。 這不僅使 opaqueness 糟糕的卻也帶來了更多的障礙和風險中小企業 lending.8，例如，銀行不能借給中小型企業，更會保證公司不會報告可靠地他們全面金融活動對其財務 statements.9 再說，如果 informality 表示該公司有 unrecorded 或有高級負債政府和自己的員工。 面對這種風險： 稅和/或勞動部門可能會導致這類責任具體化，銀行會借少為中小型企業或收取更高的風險溢價。
(不好意思，有些詞不會翻譯。- -~~）
❼ 中英文對照關於中小企業融資問題與對策的外國文獻
中小企業是與所處行業的大企業相比人員規模、資產規模與經營規模都比較小的經濟單位。
不同國家、不同經濟發展的階段、不同行業對其界定的標准不盡相同，且隨著經濟的發展而動態變化。各國一般從質和量兩個方面對中小企業進行定義，質的指標主要包括企業的組織形式、融資方式及所處行業地位等，量的指標則主要包括雇員人數、實收資本、資產總值等。量的指標較質的指標更為直觀，數據選取容易，大多數國家都以量的標准進行劃分，如美國國會2001年出台的《美國小企業法》對中小企業的界定標准為雇員人數不超過500人，英國、歐盟等在採取量的指標的同時，也以質的指標作為輔助。
世界各國和地區中小企業劃分標准：
美國：雇員人數不超過500人
英國：質的規定：市場份額較小；所有者親自管理；企業獨立經營。
量的指標：小製造業：從業人員在200人以下
小建築業、礦業：從業人員在25人以下
小零售業：年銷售收入在18.5萬英鎊以下
小批發業：年銷售收入在73萬英鎊以下
歐盟：雇員人數在250人以下且年產值不超過4000萬埃居、或者資占年度負債總額不超過2700萬埃居、且不被一個或幾個大企業持有25%以上的股權。其中：雇員少於50人、年產值不超過700萬埃居，或者資產年度負債總額不超過500萬埃居，並且有獨立法人地位的企業。
日本：製造業：從業人員300人以下或資本額3億日元以下
批發業：從業人員100人以下或資本額1億日元以下
零售業：從業人員50人以下或資本額5000萬日元以下
服務業：從業人員100人以下或資本額5000萬日元以下
我國目前對中小企業的劃分標准為2003年國家經貿委、國家計委、財政部、國家統計局研究制訂的《中小企業標准暫行規定》，國家統計部門據此制訂大中小型企業的統計分類。
我國中小企業最新劃分標准
根據第九屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二十八次會議於2002年6月29日通過的《中華人民共和國中小企業促進法》的精神，原國家家經濟貿易委員會、原國家發展計劃委員會、財政部、國家統計局於2003年2月19日發布了《關於印發中小企業標准暫行規定的通知》（國經貿中小企〔2003〕143號），對主要行業的中小企業的標准作出了明確的界定。該標準是根據企業職工人數、銷售額、資產總額等指標，結合行業特點制定的。按照《通知》的規定，不同行業的中小企業應該按照以下標准認定：
工業，中小型企業須符合以下條件：職工人數2000 人以下，或銷售額30000 萬元以下，或資產總額為40000 萬元以下。其中，中型企業須同時滿足職工人數300 人及以上，銷售額3000 萬元及以上，資產總額4000 萬元及以上；其餘為小型企業。
建築業，中小型企業須符合以下條件：職工人數3000 人以下，或銷售額30000 萬元以下，或資產總額40000 萬元以下。其中，中型企業須同時滿足職工人數600 人及以上，銷售額3000 萬元及以上，資產總額4000 萬元及以上；其餘為小型企業。
批發和零售業，零售業中小型企業須符合以下條件：職工人500 人以下，或銷售額15000 萬元以下。其中，中型企業須同時滿足職工人數100 人及以上，銷售額1000 萬元及以上；其餘為小型企業。
批發業中小型企業須符合以下條件：職工人數200 人以下，或銷售額30000 萬元以下。其中，中型企業須同時滿足職工人數100 人及以上，銷售額3000 萬元及以上；其餘為小型企業。
交通運輸和郵政業，交通運輸業中小型企業須符合以下條件：職工人數3000 人以下，或銷售額30000 萬元以下。其中，中型企業須同時滿足職工人數500 人及以上，銷售額3000 萬元及以上；其餘為小型企業。郵政業中小型企業須符合以下條件：職工人數1000 人以下，或銷售額30000 萬元以下。其中，中型企業須同時滿足職工人數400 人及以上，銷售額3000 萬元及以上；其餘為小型企業。
不同國家、不同經濟發展的階段、不同行業對其界定的標准不盡相同，且隨著經濟的發展而動態變化。各國一般從質和量兩個方面對中小企業進行定義，質的指標主要包括企業的組織形式、融資方式及所處行業地位等，量的指標則主要包括雇員人數、實收資本、資產總值等。量的指標較質的指標更為直觀，數據選取容易，大多數國家都以量的標准進行劃分，如美國國會2001年出台的《美國小企業法》對中小企業的界定標准為雇員人數不超過500人，英國、歐盟等在採取量的指標的同時，也以質的指標作為輔助。
住宿和餐飲業，中小型企業須符合以下條件：職工人數800 人以下，或銷售額15000 萬元以下。其中，中型企業須同時滿足職工人數400 人及以上，銷售額3000 萬元及以上；其餘為小型企業。
「職工人數」以現行統計制度中的年末從業人員數代替；「工業企業的銷售額」以現行統計制度中的年產品銷售收入代替；「建築業企業的銷售額會計科目」以現行統計制度中的年工程結算收入代替；「批發和零售業的銷售額」 以現行統計制度中的年銷售額代替；「交通運輸和郵政業，住宿和餐飲業企業的銷售額」以現行統計制度中的年營業收入代替；「資
產總額」 以現行統計制度中的資產合計代替。規定適用於在中華人民共和國境內依法設立的各類所有制和各種組織形式的企
業，職工人數800 人以下。企業是與所處行業的大企業相比人員規模、資產規模與經營規模都比較小的經濟單位。
中小企業財務困境的現狀或者表現
隨著招商引資力度進一步加大和民營經濟的迅猛發展，中小企業如雨後春筍般不斷涌現，2003年海安國稅新增納稅人1842戶，比上年同期增長47 %.2004年縣政府下達民營企業發展目標，要求新發展個體私營企業 9250戶。不斷增加的中小企業一方面增加了稅源，另一方面也對基層稅收管理帶來很大的挑戰。最近，在進行納稅評估、一般納稅人復檢等工作時事，對中小企業的財務狀況進行抽樣調查，其結果不盡如意，提高中小企業財務核算水平、加強財務管理已刻不容緩。 Which are small and medium-sized instries and large enterprises compared to staff size, asset size and management are relatively small economic units.
Different countries and different economic development stages, in different sectors to define their standards vary, and with the economic development and dynamic change. States generally qualitative and quantitative aspects of the definition of SMEs, the main qualitative indicators, including business forms of organization, financing methods and the status of where the instry, the volume indicators are mainly the number of employees, paid-up capital, total assets and so on. Volume of more qualitative indicators of indicators more intuitive, easy data selection, the majority of countries have divided the volume of standards, such as the U.S. Congress in 2001 introced the "United States Small Business Act" for SMEs to define standards for the number of employees does not exceed 500 people, the United Kingdom, the European Union, taking the volume of indicators, but also to qualitative indicators as a supplement.
Small and medium-sized countries in the world and regional criteria for the classification:
United States: the number of employees not more than 500 people
Britain: a qualitative states: smaller market share; owners personally management; enterprises operating independently.
Volume indicators: a small manufacturing: 200 people employed in the following
Small construction, mining: 25 people employed in the following
Small retail: Sales revenue was £ 185,000 in the following
Small wholesale instry: Sales revenue was £ 730,000 in the following
EU: the number of employees in the following 250 people and an annual output value is not more than 40 million ECU, or the annual funding total liabilities are not accounted for more than 27 million ECU, and do not be one or a few large companies holding more than 25% stake. One of: less than 50 employees, annual output value of not more than 7 million ECU or an annual total liabilities assets not more than five million ECU, and have independent legal status of enterprises.
Japan: Manufacturing: 300 employees or capital below the amount of ¥ 300,000,000
Wholesale instry: 100 employees or capital below the amount of ¥ 100,000,000 following
Retail: 50 employees or capital below the amount of ¥ 50,000,000
Services: 100 employees or capital below the amount of ¥ 50,000,000 following
China's current criteria for the classification of small and medium enterprises for the 2003 National Economic and Trade Commission, the State Planning Commission, Ministry of Finance, National Bureau of Statistics to study the formulation of the "Provisional Regulations on small and medium-sized standards," which national statistical offices to develop the statistical classification of small, medium and large enterprises.
China's latest criteria for the classification of small and medium-sized
According to the Ninth National People's Congress Standing Committee meeting of 28th June 29, 2002 through the "People's Republic of China SME Promotion Law," the spirit of the former State Economic and Trade Commission at home, the former State Development Planning Commission, Ministry of Finance, National Bureau of Statistics in February 19, 2003 issued the "small and medium-sized standards regarding the issuance of the notice required under the temporary" (economic and trade SMEs 〔2003〕 No. 143), the main criteria for small and medium-sized instries has made a specific defined. The standard is based on the number of enterprise employees, sales, total assets, such as indicators, combined with the characteristics of developed instry. In accordance with the "Notice" provisions of the small and medium enterprises in different sectors should be identified in accordance with the following criteria:
Instry, small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: number of employees in 2000 the following people, or sales below 300 million yuan, or total assets of 400 million yuan for the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 300 sales and over 30 million yuan, with total assets of 40 million yuan and above; the rest for small businesses.
The construction instry, small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: number of employees 3000 people following, or sales below 300 million yuan, or total assets of 400 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 600 sales and over 30 million yuan, with total assets of 40 million yuan and above; the rest for small businesses.
Wholesale and retail trade, small and medium-sized retail enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: 500 or fewer workers, or sales of 150 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 100 sales and over 1000萬元; the rest for small businesses.
Wholesale trade of small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: 200 or fewer employees, or sales of 300 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 100 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses.
Transportation and postal service, transport small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: number of employees 3000 people following, or sales of 300 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 500 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses. Post instry small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: number of employees 1000 people following, or sales of 300 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 400 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses.
Different countries and different economic development stages, in different sectors to define their standards vary, and with the economic development and dynamic change. States generally qualitative and quantitative aspects of the definition of SMEs, the main qualitative indicators, including business forms of organization, financing methods and the status of where the instry, the volume indicators are mainly the number of employees, paid-up capital, total assets and so on. Volume of more qualitative indicators of indicators more intuitive, easy data selection, the majority of countries have divided the volume of standards, such as the U.S. Congress in 2001 introced the "United States Small Business Act" for SMEs to define standards for the number of employees does not exceed 500 people, the United Kingdom, the European Union, taking the volume of indicators, but also to qualitative indicators as a supplement.
Accommodation and catering instry, small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: 800 or fewer employees, or sales of 150 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 400 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses.
"Employees" to the existing statistical system of the end of a few employees in lieu of; "sales of instrial enterprises" to the existing statistical system in lieu of annual sales revenue; "construction enterprises sales accounts" to the existing statistical system annual income in lieu of clearing works; "wholesale and retail sales" to the existing statistical system in lieu of annual sales; "transport and postal service, accommodation and catering instry sales enterprise" to the existing statistical system of the year operating income in lieu of; "funding
The total proction "to the existing statistical system in lieu of total assets. Shall apply to the territory of the People's Republic of China established by law and various organizations of various ownership forms of enterprises
Instry, number of employees below 800 people. Enterprises which are instries with large enterprises compared to staff size, asset size and management are relatively small economic units.
The status of the financial plight of small and medium-sized or the performance of
With the investment was further enlarged and the rapid development of private economy, small and medium enterprises such as the continuing mushrooming, MSC 2003, National Tax Added taxpayers 1842, more than 47 percent year-on-year growth in the county government issued .2004 private enterprise development goals requiring new development of indivial and private enterprises 9250. Increasing number of SMEs on the one hand, an increase of tax sources, on the other hand, the grass-roots tax management a great challenge. Recently, ring the tax assessment, the general taxpayer, such as job review current events, the financial situation of small and medium enterprises to conct a sample survey, the results are not smug, improve financial accounting standards for SMEs to strengthen financial management and no time to lose.
❽ 關於 中小企業融資難相關 的 外文著作或者文獻。。
SME financing in the UK and inChina: a comparative perspective
作者Javed Hussain, Cindy Millman and Harry Matlay UCE Business School, Birmingham, UK
我也是今年的畢業生 我覺得這個還可以 你要看的話 可以把他全選中 用有道詞典翻譯下 節選就可以了
❾ 哪位英語達人幫我翻譯一個關於中小企業融資的外文文獻吧！2
第三，資本市場並不能彌補這些不足在銀行界的，因為他們沒有和小企業的比較優勢在一個不透明的處理。 In effect, capital market financing rests on comparatively high accounting and disclosure requirements which, by definition, opaque SMEs lack.實際上，資本市場融資的依賴於較高的會計和信息披露要求，按定義，中小企業缺乏不透明。 In addition, capital markets are typically not a source of direct funding for SMEs, given that these firms are unable to issue debt or equity in amounts sufficiently large to attract investors (who prefer liquid issues and are not willing to take too large a share of a single asset) and amortize the large issuance-related transaction costs (including compliance with complex legal, regulatory, accounting, and disclosure requirements).此外，資本市場通常不是一個中小型企業的資金來源為直接，因為這些公司都無法發行債券或股票的數量足夠大，以吸引投資者（液體問題，誰願意不願意採取過多的份額單一的資產）和分期償還的大型發行有關的交易成本（包括復雜的法律，法規，遵守會計和披露要求）。 These factors normally render unfeasible the direct access to capital market financing for SMEs. In sum, there are good arguments behind the conventional view that supply-side factors—particularly opaqueness—play a key role in the problems of access to finance for SMEs. To the extent that 「opaqueness」 has received special attention in the literature on SME financing, so has 「relationship lending,」 with the latter seen by the conventional view as the obvious—if not the only—way to cope with the former.這些因素通常是行不通的中小企業提供直接融資的資本市場准入。總之，對中小企業有很好的理由背後的傳統觀點，即供給方面的因素，特別是不透明的問題的同時，發揮關鍵作用的融資渠道。為了以至於「不透明性」已經收到了關於中小企業融資文學特別關注，所以有「關系型貸款與為明顯，如果不是唯一的路，以應付原傳統觀點認為後者」。 The common perception is that 「relationship lending」 can overcome 「opaqueness」 because it relies primarily on 「soft」 information gathered by the loan officer through continuous, personalized, direct contacts with SMEs, their owners and managers, and the local community in which they operate, to mitigate opacity problems (See Berger and Udell2006).共同的看法是，「關系貸款」可以克服「不透明」，因為它主要依靠「軟」的貸款人員，通過不斷收集信息，個性化，而中小型企業，他們的所有者和管理者的直接接觸，與當地社區，他們操作，以減輕不透明問題（見伯傑和Udell2006）。