① 关于金融的英语文章
经济学人：加拿大的住宅市场
Finance and Economics; 财经；
Canada's housing market; 加拿大的住宅市场；
Time for a bigger needle; 该出手时就出手；
The latest attempt to prick a bubble;戳破泡沫的最新举措；
经济学人：
Canada's reputation for financial regulation is starry. Its banksgot through the crisis unscathed. According to Moody's, a ratings agency, Royal Bank of Canadasits alongside HSBC and JPMorgan Chase in the top tier of global banks. And Canadianpolicymakers are old hands at pulling “macroprudential” levers of the sort now in vogue amongrich-world central banks.
加拿大的金融监管一向广受赞誉。它的银行业在这场危机中做到了独善其身。根据评级机构穆迪的报告，加拿大皇家银行与汇丰银行以及摩根大通同列，跻身全球银行界的第一梯队。同时，加拿大的政策制定者也是运用宏观审慎政策的老手，这一政策如今也常被其他富国的央行使用。
But questions still nag. Some say that Canada's banks are flattered by a huge indemnity offeredby Canada Mortgage and Housing Corp (CMHC), a public institution that insures mortgages witha loan-to-value ratio of more than 80%. CHMC's book grew to 567 billion Canadian Dollar(557 billion Dollar) in 2011, up from 345 billion Canadian Dollar four years earlier. And Canada'shousing market looks very frothy on some measures: The Economist's analysis of price-to-rentratios suggests that Canadian properties were about 75% above their long-run “fair value” in thefirst quarter of 2012 (see chart). Although less than 0.5% of CHMC's mortgages are in arrears, such exuberance is a worry. The central bank recently labelled housing as “the most importantdomestic risk to financial stability in Canada”.
但是，仍有问题缠身。部分人士认为，加拿大的银行被加拿大抵押和住房公司（CMHC）提供的巨额补偿金美化了，CMHC是一家为贷款估值比率超过80%的抵押贷款提供保险的公共机构。在2011年，CHMC的抵押贷款额从四年前的3450亿增长到了5670亿加元（合5570亿美元）。并且，从一些指标来看，加拿大的房地产充斥着泡沫：《经济学人》以房价租金比所做的分析显示，在2012年第一季度，加拿大的物业价格高出它们的长期公允价值75%。纵然仅有低于0.5%的CHMC抵押贷款存在拖欠的情况，但这样的繁荣仍让人忧虑。最近，央行也冠以楼市 “危及加拿大金融稳定性的最大国内隐患”。
Repeated efforts by policymakers to take the heat out of housing have not had a noticeableeffect. So on June 21st Jim Flaherty, the finance minister, had another go, his fourth in fouryears. Some of the new measures were cosmetic. Buyers of homes worth more than 1m Dollarhave been able to get mortgage-default insurance from CMHC with a downpayment of only 5%. In practice, it is hard to find buyers in this bracket who do not have lots of equity in their homes. But after July 9th mortgages for homes of this value will not be eligible for CMHC coverage.
政策制定者们给楼市降温的不断尝试并无明显成效。于是，在6月21日，加拿大财长吉姆·费拉逖，在四年来第四次出台了一些新举措。新措施中的一些不过是表面功夫。价值过百万美元住宅的买主能得到由CMHC担保的债务违约保险以及首付仅付5%的优惠待遇。而事实上，很少有这类购房者在购房时不以大量自有资金支付价款的。不过，在6月9日之后，这类住宅将不再适用于CMHC的保险范围。
Other measures have more teeth. The maximum amortisation period for a mortgage will now be25 years, down from 30. That should hurt demand: last year about 40% of new mortgages werefor terms longer than that. Refinancing a home will be allowed only up to 80% of its value, downfrom 85%. Homebuyers will have to demonstrate their housing costs are no more than 39% oftheir gross household income. On top of Mr Flaherty's measures, the Office of theSuperintendent of Financial Institutions, Canada's banking regulator, slapped a loan-to-value limitof 65% on borrowing against home equity.
其他那些则更为有力。抵押贷款最长还贷期限如今将从30年降低至25年。这势必将减少需求：去年约有40%的新贷款的期限是超过25年的。允许的房屋再融资的上限从房屋价值的85%降至只有80%。购房者还须证明他们的住房支出不超过家庭总收入的39%。费拉逖的举措中，紧随其后的是，加拿大的银行监管部门，联邦金融机构监督办公室，将贷款和自有资金间的贷款估值比率的限制猛降至65%。
Craig Alexander, the chief economist for TD Financial Group, estimates all this will be theequivalent of about a 1% rise in mortgage rates for most homebuyers. He believes that willproce a slow unwinding of the housing market. If he is right, and Mr Flaherty's variousinterventions avoid the collateral damage that would be caused by an actual interest-rate rise, Canada's admirers will have another thing to swoon over.
多伦多道明银行金融集团首席经济学家，克雷格·亚历山大估计，所有这些措施对于购房者而言将等同于抵押贷款利率上升1%。他认为这将促使房产市场缓慢回归。如果他的观点正确，并且费拉逖的各种干预手段能够避免可能引发实际利率上升的附带伤害，那么如此一来，加拿大的崇拜者们又将有一个可以津津乐道的话题了。
② 金融类英语文章
您好
Planning a share portfolio
Tere is no shortage of tipsters around offering"get-rich-quick'opportunities.But if you are a serious private investor,leave the Las Vegas mentality to those with money to fritter.The serious investor needs a proper'portfolio'-a well-planned selection of investments,with a definite structure and a clear aim.But exactly how does a newcomer to the stock market go about achieving that?
5 Well,if you go to five reputable stock brokers and ask them what you should do with your money,you're likely to get five different answers-even if you give all the relevant infoumation about your age,family,finances and what you want from your investments.Moral?There is no one "right‘way to structure a portfolio.However,thereare undoubtedly some wrong ways,and you can be sure that none of our five advisers would have suggested sinking all(or perhaps any)of your money into Periwigs*.
10 so what should you do?We'll assume that you have sorted out the basics-like mortgages,pensions,insurance and access to sufficient cash reserves.You should then establish your own indivial aims.These are partly a matter of personal circumstances,partly a matter of psychology.
For instance,if you are older you have less time to recover from any major losses,and you may well wish to boost your pension income.So preserving your capital and generating extra income are your main 15priorities.In this ease,you'd probably construct a portfolio with some shares (but not high risk ones),along with gilts,cash deposits,and perhaps convertibles or the income shares of split capital investment trusts.
If you are younger,and in a solid financial position,you may decide to take an a ggressive approach-but only if you're blessed with a sanguine disposition and won't suffer sleepless nights over share prices.If you recognize yourself in this description,you might include a couple ofheady growth stocks in your 20 portfolio,alongside your more pedestrian investments.Once you have decided on your investment aims,you can'then decide where to put your money.The golden rule here is spread your risk-if you put all of *‘Periwigs’is the mame of a fictitious company.
③ 求一篇金融相关英文文章，翻译出来要求3000字以上，最好连翻译也有
奥巴马麦凯恩激辩金融危机
据《今日美国》报道，在周二的总统辩论中，约翰－麦凯恩和巴拉克－奥巴马互相攻击，并提出了各自的应对美国金融危机的方案。
John McCain andBarack Obama exchanged blame and offered proposals to address the nation'sfinancial crisis ring Tuesday's presidential debate, USA Today reported.
麦凯恩承诺对那些苦苦挣扎的房主们施以援手，而奥巴马则表示政府必须确保国家大规模救市方案按计划实施。
McCain promisedaid to struggling homeowners and Obama said the government must assure themassive federal financial rescue package works as planned.
二人辩论的主题很快便集中在经济问题上，当晚辩论主要围绕着这一话题进行。
The debate focusedimmediately on the economy and stayed on it for much of the night.
麦凯恩提议财政部有条件地买进按揭坏债，并根据目前的房价和房主们进行再次协商。
McCain called forthe Treasury Department to buy up troubled mortgages — with some conditions —and renegotiate them with homeowners at the current value of homes.
麦凯恩说：“我们都清楚，只有我们稳定了美国的家庭价值观，我们才能去创造就业机会、恢复我们的经济。
McCain said,"We all know, my friends, until we stabilize home values inAmerica,we're never going to start turning around and creating jobs and fixing oureconomy,
此外，我们还得重建对美国的信任和信心。”
and we've got toget some trust and confidence back toAmerica."
奥巴马称最近的经济低迷为“大萧条后最严重的金融危机”，他表示政府必须确保签署的金融救市方案按计划实施。
Obama called thecurrent downturn "the worst financial crisis since the GreatDepression" and said the government must assure that the financial rescuepackage signed into law worked as planned.
他说：“我相信这将是对过去8年来布什政府高调推行的失败的经济政策的最终审判，而参议员麦凯恩就是这一政策的支持者。”
"I believethis is a final verdict on the failed economic policies of the last eightyears, strongly promoted by President Bush and supported by SenatorMcCain," he said.
辩论开始前几小时，道琼斯工业平均指数又暴跌508点。辩论在一片金融阴霾中展开。
The debate beganhours after the Dow Jones instrial average tumbled another 508 points, andthe resulting financial anxiety is looming large over the debate.
麦凯恩指责奥巴马是参议院中收取房利美和联邦住宅贷款抵押公司捐款的第二大个人，而这两大公司正是目前名誉扫地的抵押贷款行业巨头。
McCain accusedObama of being the Senate's second-highest recipient of donations fromindivials at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the two now-disgraced mortgageinstry giants.
奥巴马回击称，麦凯恩竞选团队经理戴维斯在华盛顿一家政治公关公司持股，直到最近，该公司每月都从联邦住宅贷款抵押公司收到成千上万的资金。
Obama shot backthat McCain's campaign manager, Rick Davis, has a stake in a Washington lobbying firm that receivedthousands of dollars a month from Freddie Mac until recently.
路透社报道，两位候选人均誓言致力于使美国能源独立。
Both candidatesvowed to focus on making theUnited Statesenergy independent, Reuters reported.
麦凯恩表示，核电是一项无污染能源，也将是解决气候变化的关键。他还对奥巴马进行了嘲讽。
McCain saidnuclear power was a clean source of energy that would be key to battlingclimate change and mocked Obama.
奥巴马支持发展核电，并将其作为一个大能源计划的组成部分。
And Obama said heapproved of nuclear power as one element of a broader energy plan.
美联社报道，辩论话题还涉及外交政策方面，其激烈程度不亚于经济和国内事务。
The debate alsoveered into foreign policy, and the disputes were as intense as on the economyand domestic matters, AP reported.
麦凯恩称他的对手“在伊拉克和进军问题上的观点是错误的。”
McCain said hisrival "was wrong aboutIraqand the surge.
“在俄罗斯侵略格鲁吉亚问题上，他（奥巴马）对俄罗斯的看法是错误的。”
“He was wrong about Russia when theycommitted aggression against Georgia.”
“他的职业生涯很短，他还不了解我们国家在安全问题上所面临的挑战。”
“And in his short career he does notunderstand our national security challenges.”
“而我们没有时间来进行在职培训。”
“We don't have time for on the jobtraining.”
奥巴马略带嘲讽地回击说，他确实不太了解一些事情，例如：多年来美国已经在伊拉克耗费了数千亿美元后，今后，美国要如何面对阿富汗问题的挑战。
Obama counteredwith a trace of sarcasm that he didn't understand some things — like how UScould face the challenge inAfghanistanafter spending years and hundreds of billions of dollars inIraq.
据路透社报道，辩论后哥伦比亚广播公司和美国有线新闻电视网的一项快速调查都显示奥巴马在辩论中胜出。
Two quick pollstaken immediately after the debate, by CBS News and CNN, both judged Obama thewinner, Reuters reported.
路透评论道，麦凯恩可能不会再有扭转竞选局面的机会。
McCain could berunning out of chances to recast the race, Reuters commented.
离大选只有4周的时间，两位候选人将在10月15日进行最终辩论。
With only fourweeks to go until the election, the two candidates will meet for one finaldebate on October 15.
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金融危机激增MBA申请人数
眼下的华尔街可谓哀鸿遍野，而美国各地的商学院却因此振奋不已：全日制MBA课程的申请人数在2008年激增。
Business is bad onWall Street, and business schools across the country are bracing for theimpact: A surge in applications this year to their full-time M.B.A. programs.
金融市场一片混乱，美国经济放缓，华尔街正在经受深刻的结构性变化。很多人决定，现在是回学校充电的好时候。
With financialmarkets in turmoil, the economy slowing down and Wall Street undergoing aprofound structural change, many people are deciding that now is a good time tohead back to school.
考虑迈入校门的人有些是此次金融业大裁员的牺牲品，另一些则觉得他们的饭碗即将不保。
Some would-bestudents are the victim of layoffs roiling the financial instry. Others thinktheir jobs could disappear soon.
即使目前工作还算稳定的MBA申请者也认为，利用这段时间攻读研究生文凭是个不错的选择－－因为未来几年的升迁和跳槽机会都会比较稀缺。
Even someapplicants whose jobs are currently stable are deciding that it makes sense togo for a graate degree now: since promotions and new opportunities could behard to find in the next few year
商学院还没有关于申请人数的统计数字，因为大多数顶尖学校的第一轮招生截止日期是在10月中旬。不过，许多商学院表示，今年咨询MBA课程的人增加了很多。
Schools don't haveapplication tallies yet -- as deadlines for the first round of admissions arein mid-October for most top-tier schools -- but many already are reporting bigincreases in interest.
纽约大学斯特恩商学院称，今年参加其校外MBA推介会的人员增加了30%。
New YorkUniversity Stern School of Business reports a 30% increase in attendance atoff-site information sessions this year.
西北大学凯洛格管理学院的申请人数目前已增长22%。
Management has had a 22% increase inapplications so far.
芝加哥大学工商管理研究生院表示，其网上咨询和推介会参加人数都有显著上升。
Universityof Chicago GraateSchool of Business says it is seeing significant increases ininquiries online and attendance at information sessions.
今年，GMAT考试的注册人数也在增加。
People are alsoregistering for the Graate Management Admission Test in greater numbers thisyear.
美国研究生入学管理委员会位于弗吉尼亚州McLean市，成员包括165家商学院。
According to theGraate Management Admission Council, a McLean, Va.-based membershiporganization of 165 graate business schools,U.S.
该机构称，2008年1至9月GMAT考试的注册人数达到129,902人，比去年同期上升5.1%。
GMAT registrationvolume for the first nine months of this year totaled 129,902, up 5.1% from thesame period last year.
这些数字反映出一种与以往的经济衰退期类似的趋势。
The numbersunderscore a trend that has occurred in previous economic downturns.
商学院和经济学家说，研究生入学人数是反经济周期的，也就是说，它与经济景气程度背道而驰。
Graateadmissions are countercyclical -- meaning that they move in the oppositedirection of the economic cycle, business schools and economists say.
由于次债风波的连锁反应，这批MBA研究生毕业时，将面对一个完全不同的华尔街，就业市场可能很不乐观。
When this year'sM.B.A. applicants graate, they will enter a dramatically different WallStreet and potentially smaller job market that has been altered by the rippleeffects of the credit crunch.
今年即将毕业的研究生已经感受到就业市场的低迷。
This year's newlyminted graates already encountered a tougher job market.
科尔说，在芝加哥大学，2008年毕业生中找到工作或有公司邀请加盟的人数比去年下降了约3个百分点。
At the University of Chicago, the percentage of 2008graates that either had offers or had already accepted them dropped roughlythree percentage points from the previous year, Ms. Kole says.
一些商学院表示，由于毕业后的就业前景不确定，因此目前有稳定工作的申请者可能会放弃进入商学院的机会。
Indeed, schoolssay not knowing what the job market will look like upon graation could detersome prospective applicants who have stable jobs from applying.
有些申请者则打算碰碰运气。
Some applicantsare taking their chances.
其他研究生院也都预计申请人数会增加。
Other graateschools are also expecting increases in applicants.
学员们今年还要考虑另一个问题──次债危机使学生贷款很难申请。
Also a factor forstudents to consider this year: The credit crunch has roiled the market forstudent loans.
一直关注这一领域事态发展的FinAid.org负责人马克-坎特罗维兹称，2007年，有144家民间和政府教育贷款机构暂停了学生贷款。
In the past year,144 ecation lenders have suspended private and federal loans, according toMark Kantrowitz, publisher of FinAid.org, who has been following thedevelopments.
不过，坎特罗维兹说，商学院的学生应该可以找到贷款，因为很多贷款机构只是对本科生和成人教育学生暂停发放贷款。
Still, Mr.Kantrowitz says business-school students should be able to find loans. Manylenders, he says, have suspended loans for undergraate and continuingecation students but not graate loans
对这些贷款机构来说，“研究生贷款项目是最有利可图的，因为贷款质量最高。”
For lenders,'graate student loans are the most profitable because the loan balances arethe highest,' he says.
然而，学生要想获得私人贷款，可能需要提供更多的信用证明，而且贷款利率也会上升。
But students mayface tighter credit requirements in getting private loans and pay higherinterest rates.
④ 一般学金融的能选什么工作英文作文
经济学人：加拿大的住宅市场
Finance and Economics; 财经；
Canada's housing market; 加拿大的住宅市场；
Time for a bigger needle; 该出手时就出手；
The latest attempt to prick a bubble;戳破泡沫的最新举措；
经济学人：
Canada's
reputation for financial regulation is starry. Its banksgot through the
crisis unscathed. According to Moody's, a ratings agency, Royal Bank of
Canadasits alongside HSBC and JPMorgan Chase in the top tier of global
banks. And Canadianpolicymakers are old hands at pulling
“macroprudential” levers of the sort now in vogue amongrich-world
central banks.
加拿大的金融监管一向广受赞誉.它的银行业在这场危机中做到了独善其身.根据评级机构穆迪的报告,加拿大皇家银行与汇丰银行以及摩根大通同列,跻身全球银行界的第一梯队.同时,加拿大的政策制定者也是运用宏观审慎政策的老手,这一政策如今也常被其他富国的央行使用.
But
questions still nag. Some say that Canada's banks are flattered by a
huge indemnity offeredby Canada Mortgage and Housing Corp (CMHC), a
public institution that insures mortgages witha loan-to-value ratio of
more than 80%. CHMC's book grew to 567 billion Canadian Dollar(557
billion Dollar) in 2011, up from 345 billion Canadian Dollar four years
earlier. And Canada'shousing market looks very frothy on some measures:
The Economist's analysis of price-to-rentratios suggests that Canadian
properties were about 75% above their long-run “fair value” in thefirst
quarter of 2012 (see chart). Although less than 0.5% of CHMC's mortgages
are in arrears, such exuberance is a worry. The central bank recently
labelled housing as “the most importantdomestic risk to financial
stability in Canada”.
但是,仍有问题缠身.部分人士认为,加拿大的银行被加拿大抵押和住房公司（CMHC）提供的巨额补偿
金美化了,CMHC是一家为贷款估值比率超过80%的抵押贷款提供保险的公共机构.在2011年,CHMC的抵押贷款额从四年前的3450亿增长到了
5670亿加元（合5570亿美元）.并且,从一些指标来看,加拿大的房地产充斥着泡沫：《经济学人》以房价租金比所做的分析显示,在2012年第一季
度,加拿大的物业价格高出它们的长期公允价值75%.纵然仅有低于0.5%的CHMC抵押贷款存在拖欠的情况,但这样的繁荣仍让人忧虑.最近,央行也冠以
楼市 “危及加拿大金融稳定性的最大国内隐患”.
Repeated efforts by policymakers to take the
heat out of housing have not had a noticeableeffect. So on June 21st Jim
Flaherty, the finance minister, had another go, his fourth in
fouryears. Some of the new measures were cosmetic. Buyers of homes worth
more than 1m Dollarhave been able to get mortgage-default insurance
from CMHC with a downpayment of only 5%. In practice, it is hard to find
buyers in this bracket who do not have lots of equity in their homes.
But after July 9th mortgages for homes of this value will not be
eligible for CMHC coverage.
政策制定者们给楼市降温的不断尝试并无明显成效.于是,在6月21日,加拿大财长吉姆·
费拉逖,在四年来第四次出台了一些新举措.新措施中的一些不过是表面功夫.价值过百万美元住宅的买主能得到由CMHC担保的债务违约保险以及首付仅付5%
的优惠待遇.而事实上,很少有这类购房者在购房时不以大量自有资金支付价款的.不过,在6月9日之后,这类住宅将不再适用于CMHC的保险范围.
Other
measures have more teeth. The maximum amortisation period for a
mortgage will now be25 years, down from 30. That should hurt demand:
last year about 40% of new mortgages werefor terms longer than that.
Refinancing a home will be allowed only up to 80% of its value, downfrom
85%. Homebuyers will have to demonstrate their housing costs are no
more than 39% oftheir gross household income. On top of Mr Flaherty's
measures, the Office of theSuperintendent of Financial Institutions,
Canada's banking regulator, slapped a loan-to-value limitof 65% on
borrowing against home equity.
其他那些则更为有力.抵押贷款最长还贷期限如今将从30年降低至25年.这势必将
减少需求：去年约有40%的新贷款的期限是超过25年的.允许的房屋再融资的上限从房屋价值的85%降至只有80%.购房者还须证明他们的住房支出不超过
家庭总收入的39%.费拉逖的举措中,紧随其后的是,加拿大的银行监管部门,联邦金融机构监督办公室,将贷款和自有资金间的贷款估值比率的限制猛降至
65%.
Craig Alexander, the chief economist for TD Financial Group,
estimates all this will be theequivalent of about a 1% rise in mortgage
rates for most homebuyers. He believes that willproce a slow unwinding
of the housing market. If he is right, and Mr Flaherty's
variousinterventions avoid the collateral damage that would be caused by
an actual interest-rate rise, Canada's admirers will have another thing
to swoon over.
多伦多道明银行金融集团首席经济学家,克雷格·亚历山大估计,所有这些措施对于购房者而言将等同于抵押贷款利率上
升1%.他认为这将促使房产市场缓慢回归.如果他的观点正确,并且费拉逖的各种干预手段能够避免可能引发实际利率上升的附带伤害,那么如此一来,加拿大的
崇拜者们又将有一个可以津津乐道的话题了.
⑤ 求金融英语及其相关文章
Financial Management
Management of funds is a critical aspect of financial management. Management of funds act as the foremost concern whether it is in a business undertaking or in an ecational institution. Financial management, which is simply meant dealing with management of money matters.
Meaning of Financial Management
By Financial Management we mean efficient use of economic resources namely capital funds. Financial management is concerned with the managerial decisions that result in the acquisition and financing of short term and long term credits for the firm. Here it deals with the situations that require selection of specific assets, or a combination of assets and the selection of specific problem of size and growth of an enterprise. Herein the analysis deals with the expected inflows and outflows of funds and their effect on managerial objectives. In short, Financial Management deals with Procurement of funds and their effective utilization in the business.
So the analysis simply states two main aspects of financial management like procurement of funds and an effective use of funds to achieve business objectives.
Procurement of funds:
As funds can be procured from multiple sources so procurement of funds is considered an important problem of business concerns. Funds obtained from different sources have different characteristics in terms of potential risk, cost and control.
Funds issued by the issue of equity shares are the best from risk point of view for the company as there is no question of repayment of equity capital except when the company is liquidated.
From the cost point of view equity capital is the most expensive source of funds as dividend expectations of shareholders are normally higher than that of prevailing interest rates.
Financial management constitutes risk, cost and control. The cost of funds should be at minimum for a proper balancing of risk and control.
In the globalised competitive scenario, mobilization of funds plays a very significant role. Funds can be raised either through the domestic market or from abroad. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as well as Foreign Institutional Investors(FII) are two major sources of raising funds. The mechanism of procurement of funds has to be modified in the light of requirements of foreign investors.
Utilization of Funds:
Effective utilization of funds as an important aspect of financial management avoids the situations where funds are either kept idle or proper uses are not being made. Funds procured involve a certain cost and risk. If the funds are not used properly then running business will be too difficult. In case of dividend decisions we also consider this. So it is crucial to employ the funds properly and profitably.
Scope of Financial Management
Sound financial management is essential in all types of organizations whether it be profit or non-profit. Financial management is essential in a planned Economy as well as in a capitalist set-up as it involves efficient use of the resources.
From time to time it is observed that many firms have been liquidated not because their technology was obsolete or because their procts were not in demand or their labour was not skilled and motivated, but that there was a mismanagement of financial affairs. Even in a boom period, when a company make high profits there is also a fear of liquidation because of bad financial management.
Financial management optimizes the output from the given input of funds. In a country like India where resources are scarce and the demand for funds are many, the need of proper financial management is required. In case of newly started companies with a high growth rate it is more important to have sound financial management since finance alone guarantees their survival.
Financial management is very important in case of non-profit organizations, which do not pay adequate attentions to financial management.
How ever a sound system of financial management has to be cultivated among bureaucrats, administrators, engineers, ecationalists and public at a large.
Objectives of Financial Management
Efficient Financial management requires the existence of some objectives, which are as follows
1) Profit Maximization:
The objective of financial management is the same as the objective of a company which is to earn profit. But profit maximization alone cannot be the sole objective of a company. It is a limited objective. If profits are given une importance then problems may arise as discussed below.
The term profit is vague and it involves much more contradictions.
Profit maximization must be attempted with a realization of risks involved. A positive relationship exists between risk and profits. So both risk and profit objectives should be balanced.
Profit Maximization fails to take into account the time pattern of returns.
Profit maximization does not take into account the social considerations.
2) Wealth Maximization:
It is commonly understood that the objective of a firm is to maximize value and wealth.
The value of a firm is represented by the market price of the company's stock. The market price of a firm's stock represents the assesment of all market participants as to what the value of the particular firm is. It takes in to account present and prospective future earnings per share, the timing and risk of these earning, the dividend policy of the firm and many other factors that bear upon the market price of the stock. Market price acts as the performance index or report card of the firm's progress and potential.
Prices in the share markets are affected by many factors like general economic outlook, outlook of the particular company, technical factors and even mass psychology. Normally this value is a function of two factors:
The anticipated rate of earnings per share of the company
The capitalization rate.
The likely rate of earnings per shares depend upon the assessment of how profitable a company may be in the future.
The capitalization rate reflects the liking of the investors for the company.
Methods of Financial Management:
In the field of financing there are multiple methods to procure funds. Funds may be obtained from long term sources as well as from short term sources. Long term funds may be procured by owners that are shareholders, lenders by issuing debentures, from financial institutions, banks and the general public at large. Short term funds may be availed from commercial banks, public deposits, etc. Financial leverage or trading on equity is an important method by which a finance manager may increase the return to common shareholders.
At the time of evaluating capital expenditure projects methods like average rate of return, pay back, internal rate of returns, net present value and profitability index are used. A firm can increase its profitability without adversely affecting its liquidity by an efficient utilization of the current resources at the disposal of the firm. A firm can increase its profitability without negatively affecting its liquidity by efficient management of working capital.
Similarly, for the evaluation of a firm's performance there are different methods. Ratio analysis is a common technique to evaluate different aspects of a firm. An investor takes in to account various ratios to know whether investment in a particular company will be profitable or not. These ratios enable him to judge the profitability, solvency, liquidity and growth aspect of the firm.
⑥ 以金融机构功能写一篇英文作文
I am a College student from a farmer's family in a mountaineous area.A year ago,I was admitted to a famous university.Before entering the university,I was told that the necessary expenses ring my four years' study would cost nearly fifty thousand yuan.My parents had collected all the money there was to collect,including the money borrowed from their relatives,but it was hardly enough to meet the needs.Then,good news came that I could resort to the bank for a loan.I thought it was a good idea and so I did it.
My decision was based on the following considerations:
First,with the loan I can pay the tuition and support my life on the campus.
Secondly,I don't have to depend on my parents who are always worrying about the enormous family expenditure.
⑦ 求一篇英语作文，介绍公司的
给的词汇 complerely 完全的 lead to 导致 found 成立 employee 雇员
开头 this is to intro ce that……
结尾 i am looking forward to hearing from you soon)
your sinecerely
要用到的句子1； I am looking forward to hearing from you soon
2: Yours sincerely
3 : we are writing to introce that
4 : thank you for the trouble you will have to take for
⑧ 求一篇金融方面的英语作文
不是我写的，。是网路上搜索到的
Advantages of Getting a Loan from the Bank for My Studies
助学贷款的好处
I am a College student from a farmer's family in a mountaineous area. A year ago, I was admitted to a famous university. Before entering the university, I was told that the necessary expenses ring my four years' study would cost nearly fifty thousand yuan. My parents had collected all the money there was to collect, including the money borrowed from their relatives, but it was hardly enough to meet the needs. Then,good news came that I could resort to the bank for a loan. I thought it was a good idea and so I did it.
My decision was based on the following considerations:
First, with the loan I can pay the tuition and support my life on the campus.
Secondly, I don't have to depend on my parents who are always worrying about the enormous family expenditure.
Thirdly, I will always have the pressure upon me which forces me to study the hard way.
Fourthly, I have to live a very simple life and save every coin possible. To sooner liquidate the debt, I sometimes work as a home tutor, sometimes a door-to-door salesman, sometimes a restaurant waiter.
Finally, while doing part-time jobs, I have accumulated a lot of social experience, bitter sometimes, sweet occasionally but happy all the time.
I think the above are the advantages the loan from the bank has brought to me. They are beneficial not only to my studies at the university but also to my future career, because I firmly believe in the saying that "Harsh life proces a diligent and intelligent man."
可以不咯？
⑨ 跪求英语文章 1500字的英文 有翻译 关于金融类的 跪求
Talking about Housing Loans
房屋贷款
Al and Virginia Baxter are talking to their banker ,Tony Flora ,about a housing loan.
艾尔和弗吉尼亚·巴克斯特正和他们的银行家托尼·费洛拉洽谈有关房屋贷款之事。
Al:We'd like to get some information about mortgage loans,Mr.Flora.
艾尔：我们希望得到一些有关抵押贷款方面的知识，弗洛拉先生。
We found a house that we'd like to buy.
我们找到了一所我们想买的房子。
Flora:Well,Mr.Baxter,we generally lend 80% of the bank's appraised value on 30-,35-or 40-year mortgages if the house is less than 10 years old .
弗洛拉：好的，巴克斯特先生。如果房屋从建成至今尚未超过10年，我们一般借给买房者的数额是银行对房屋估价的80%，而贷款期为30、35或40年。
Baxter:Oh ,it's almost a brand-new house .I think it was built two years ago .
巴克斯特：哦， 这几乎是一所全新的房子，我认为是两年前修建的。
A:Yes,it's a real good deal .The price is just right .
艾尔：是的，这真是的桩合适的买卖，价钱也很合理。
F:Bank appraisals are usually slightly lower than the actual market prices,Mr.Baxter,
弗洛拉，银行的估价总是低于实际市场价格的，巴克斯特先生。
so you'll have to figure on at least at a 25%-28% down payment .
因此，您必须计划支付至少25%—28%的定金。
A:Yes,we planned on that .We've accumulated enough in our savings for a 30% down payment.
艾尔：是啊，这点我们已经估计到了，在我们的积蓄中攒的钱已足够支付30%的定金。
B:What's the interest rate on mortgage loans?
巴克斯特：抵押贷款的利息率是多少？
F:It fluctuates a little depending on the various factors in the loan ,but around 8.75% for longtime clients.
弗洛拉：根据各种不同情况的贷款，利息率稍有差别，但是，对于银行的老主顾一般是8。75%左右。
A:Well,we've been banking here since we got married 8 years ago ,Mr.Flora ,so I guess we qualify.
艾尔：那么我们从结婚到现在8年来一直与这里的银行往来，弗洛拉先生。因此，我想我们是合乎条件的。
F:Yes,you certainly do ,Mr.Baxter.Let's fill out this application ,so we can get started on the paperwork .
弗洛拉：是的，你们当然是符合条件的，巴克斯特先生。让我们先来填写这张申请表，然后就可以开始着手票据事宜，
It takes some time to complete a mortgage loan transaction.
要完成抵押贷款的交易是得花点时间。
B:We will need title insurance and fire insurance ,too,won't we ?
巴克斯特：我们还需要产权保险和火灾保险，对吗？
F:Yes,you will.Here's our mortgage loan booklet which explains all the things which will be necessary .
弗洛拉：是的，这里有一本有关我们抵押贷款的小册子，这个小册子说明了必须要办的一切手续
⑩ 金融市场 英语作文100单词
The financial market is also known as capital market, monetary market and capital market, is the financial market. The so-called financing, is refers in the economic operation of the financial buildingIn the process, both sides of supply and demand of funds use various financial tools to regulate capital surplus activity, all financial transaction activities. In the financial market is a variety of financial instruments, such as stock, bond, deposit etc.. Financing is the abbreviation of financing, generally divided into direct financing and indirect financing two. Direct financing is the fund supply and demand sides of direct financing activities, namely capital demand directly through the financial market to the society has a surplus of funds for institutional and indivial financing; correspondingly, indirect financing through banks refers to the financing activities, namely capital needs to take that to the bank and other financial intermediaries apply for loans financing. Financial market on all aspects of economic activities have direct influence, such as personal wealth, enterprise management, the efficiency of economic operations, are directly dependent on the financial markets activities. 望采纳，我们也有这英语作文。。