Ⅰ 求帮助，翻译一篇期货套期保值方面的英文文献，万分感谢。。
在期货市场的关注已经支付的期货合约的套期保值有效性的研究，因为它是在解释期货合约成功的重要因素[约翰斯顿，塔什吉安和麦康奈尔（1989）]。谁提出的这项措施的有效性，包括作家张方（1990），Ederington（1979年），耶尔德（1987），欣，郭，
和李（1994年），拉塞尔（1987年）和纳尔逊和Collins（1985）。这些措施都试图确定在何种程度上对冲可以减少现金使用期货合约的价格风险。在这些避险效益研究是指对投资组合的回报。特别是期货合同可以有不同的价值观方面的套期保值效果，这取决于措施的使用和避险工具的功能。期货合约，他们自己，引入hedgers.Therefore风险，
在何种程度上提供了一个期货合约的整体风险降低，是为futuresexchange管理的重要标准，以评估避险绩效。其实，较小的基础和期货合约，更大的风险降低市场深度的风险。对于一个对冲工具对另一选择是同时考虑后作出的风险和[Castelino，弗朗西斯替代对冲成本，沃尔夫（1991）]。本文介绍了套期保值的效率和效益的这一措施，表明了一个期货合约（包括风险和套期保值的成本提供避险服务质量的新概念）。建议的措施是延伸和补充措施的程度，并且有不同的目的，不同的解释，和不同的目标群体。
它评估从期货交易所管理的角度期货合约。期货市场是假定为实现为客户创造卓越的价值[Narver和Slater（1990）]易感，从而产生高交易量[黑色（1986）]。本文的目的是提供了一个措施，是能够给到外汇期货交易管理绩效的洞察力。拟议的套期保值效率的措施的评价，与实际避险和距离完美hedge.This距离可以成为一个系统的一部分，它可以由期货交易所管理，并随机分成部分，
这超越了其control.Hence是，这项措施是为期货交易所管理的有用工具，因为它使实际对冲质量进行评估。
应该是这样吧
Ⅱ 期货句子,急急急!
据今天上午海湾报告,在海湾和伊利诺斯州中部,过去两个星期,基础水平大部分在较窄区间进行交易。
Ⅲ 如何做原油期货
原油期货是最重要的石油期货品种，目前世界上重要的原油期货合约有4个：纽约商业交易所（NYMEX）的轻质低硫原油即“西德克萨斯中质油”期货合约、高硫原油期货合约，伦敦国际石油交易所（IPE）的布伦特原油期货合约，新加坡交易所（SGX）的迪拜酸性原油期货合约。
新手可以了解了解几点建议：
1.基础知识是必要的，不说多的，要懂的如何交易，能大致的看懂盘面。
2 要选一个主流的平台，平台是你资金安全的保证，资金安全了，才能谈其他的。
3交易的时候要设好止损 控制好仓位，这点很重要。
4保持好的心态 盈利很正常。
Ⅳ 关于期货的问题
看你是买入什么品种。比如你买一手玻璃，一手是20吨，1000元每吨，假如保证金比例是10%，则你一手要支付保证金2000元。然后你1200元卖出，则你赚了（1200-1000）*20=4000元；然后你再在1200元时卖出一手，要支付保证金2400元，再1000元时平仓，你又可以同样赚4000元，则你总共可以赚8000元。
这里面有两个是不定的。一，期货市场上的各个品种交易单位并不相同。如铁矿石是100吨/手，橡胶是10吨/手。你每次交易必须是一手的整数倍。二，保证金比例每个产品是不一样的，每个期货公司也是不一样的，统一品种的不同合约也可能不一样。并且交易所、期货公司还可以根据风险状况随时调整保证金比例。
Ⅳ 期货电子书
《克罗谈期货交易策略》
Kroll on Futures Trading Strategy （Stanley Kroll, 1988）
是本好书，需要的话留个邮箱我发给你
以下是书的引子和序：
FOREWORD
引子
In John Train’s excellent book, The Money Masters, he writes about the careers and professional methods of nine great investors. Among them are several stars whose names are well known to all of us - Warren Buffet, Benjamin Graham, T. Rowe Price, Larry Tisch, and John Templeton. There, among this “Murderers’ Row” of investors, you will also find the name of Stanley Kroll. Train describes the commodities business, where Stanley made his money, as an “impossible casino.” If this is so, Kroll has had some good runs at the gaming table, and they clearly are no accident or mere luck.
在《股市大亨》这本佳作中，作者约翰•崔恩描述了9位投资大师的生平事迹和专业技能。其中几位明星——沃伦•巴菲特，本杰明•格雷厄姆，T•洛威•普莱斯，拉里•狄许和约翰•坦普顿，他们都是我们熟悉的大师。在这些堪称“谋杀者行列”的投资者中，你也能找到斯坦利•克罗的大名。崔恩描述了斯坦利在“不可能赌场”中赚钱的期货交易。果真如此，克罗在赌桌上的确演出了几场精彩好戏，这绝非意外或纯属运气。
In the 1970s, Stanley had a three-year run ring which he built $18,000 of his own money into $1 million. And he performed with equally spectacular skill for his partners. It’s best to leave the other tales of Stanley’s exploits to readers of Train’s book. Suffice it to say that they are impressive displays of guts and brains.
70年代，斯坦利有一场为时3年的演出，他将自己的18000元增值到100万元，他为他的合伙人也赚到了相同的报酬。斯坦利其它的精彩演出，读者可以从崔恩的著作一窥究竟。不用多说，这些表现明白地展现出他的胆识和智慧。
I am not a “commodities man” myself. I try to stick to the paths that I understand better, primarily equities and debt instruments. For me, reading Kroll on Futures Trading Strategy was an ecation. The thing that most impresses me about the book is that virtually all the major tenets of Kroll’s advice are rooted in a constant regard for discipline and common sense. In short, the best parts of his advice share the underpinnings of any good investment strategy - watch the markets carefully, do copious research, and keep a level head. As Stanley points out, hapless traders act “on the basis of emotion instead of discipline, sentiment instead of logic, and subjectivity instead of objectivity.”
我并非“期货人”。我试图坚守在自己比较了解的金融工具，主要是股票和债券。对我而言，阅读《克罗谈期货交易策略》是一种学习。令我印象最深刻的是，克罗建议中最重要的原则几乎完全根植于对纪律和常识的关注。简而言之，他最佳的建议透露出一切良好投资策略的基础——用心观察市场，深入研究，保持客观。斯坦利指出，不幸的交易者“根据情绪而非纪律，依据感觉而非逻辑，以主观而非客观行事。”
Stanley’s trading philosophy draws most of its important principles from a central core that is key to almost all investing - identify the major ongoing trend of each market and trade in the direction of the dominant trend. Most really savvy investors know that this is as much a key of making money in equities as it is in commodities. One of the reasons that Stanley is highly regarded and has done so well is that his feet are grounded in concrete and not in clay.
斯坦利的交易哲学从一个核心思想导出若干重要原则，这个核心思想几乎是所有投资行为的关键——辨别出市场的重大趋势，并且顺势交易。多数聪明的投资者都明白这个核心思想，在期货市场和股票市场获利的关键是一样的。斯坦利表现良好且受重视的原因之一，即是他脚踏实地而非浮沙建塔。
When you meet Stanley, as I have many times, you are immediately impressed by how little this expert on commodities claims to know. This is one of the greatest strengths of most real experts. They don’t get overly confident or pretend omniscience. Better to constantly assume that you don’t know enough and constantly investigate your assumptions and numbers; hence, another important Kroll tenet-play in the real world. As he puts it, “the need for a disciplined and objective approach to futures trading is a recurring theme in this book.” Realistically, it is the theme of the book.
如果你见到斯坦利，会和我见到他一样，他认为交易期货不需要了解太多的东西，你会对这个观点印象深刻。这也正是大多数真正专家最突出的优点之一。他们不会过度自信或假装什么都知道。最好是承认自己知识不足，而不断研究自己的假设和数字。斯坦利另一个重要原则是——做真实的交易。正如他所说，“期货交易所需要的纪律和客观方法是本书一再重复的主题。”其实，这就是本书的主题。
Reading Kroll on Futures Trading Strategy can do a little something for all investors. It will not make you into an avid commodities trader overnight, but there is solid advice for each of us. For the novice, it brings a sense, stated in plain English, of how these markets operate and what investing “systems” can work well. For the expert, the book contains plenty of details for resharpening already good steel. For the investor in general, Stanley offers a sense of what makes good investors really good - consistent hard effort on research and the discipline to put it to work participating in significant market trends. Everyone with money in any market can benefit from a healthy dose of Stanley’s advice.
阅读《克罗谈期货交易策略》一书，能使所有投资者有所收获。它不会让你一夜之间成为鲜活的期货交易者，但本书为我们提供了可靠的建议。对新手而言，书中用平铺直叙的文字告诉你市场是如何运作的，以及哪种投资“系统”能带来利润。对专家而言，本书的很多细节能让你锦上添花。对于普通投资者而言，斯坦利提出优秀投资者成功的线索——不断努力研究，并且付诸行动，以有纪律的方式顺势交易。任何投资者都可以从斯坦利的合理建议中受益。
Douglas A. McIntyre
President & Publisher
FINANCIAL WORLD
New York City
May 27, 1987
道格拉斯•A•麦金太尔
总裁兼发行人
《金融世界》杂志
纽约市
1987年5月27日
PREFACE
作者序言
The fund manager from Seattle, visibly agitated, had been giving me a hard time. It was a bleak mid-November afternoon in 1985, and he had come to Port Washington to talk to me about his futures trading. As we sat in the paneled salon of my boat-cum-office-cum-residence, he painfully described how he had been whipsawed in soybeans over the past year in a succession of losing trades - despite what appeared to have been a reasonably (down) trending market. Trouble was, he had allowed himself to be influenced by news, TV reports, and trade gossip. Although he had gotten onto the right (short) side of the market at times, he invariably panicked (he called it “defensive posturing”) and closed out his good positions at nearly every countertrend rally that came along. He somehow “managed” to hang onto his losing trades ring this period, which considerably worsened his already dismal performance. His state of mind ring our meeting matched his gloomy track record.
西雅图来访的基金经理人，显然情绪不安，给我带来了挑战。那是1985年11月中旬一个寒冷的下午，他来到华盛顿港，和我讨论他的期货交易。当时我们坐在既是住处又是办公室的船舱中，他痛苦地描述着，过去几年他一直在黄豆市场惨遭洗盘，造成一连串损失的经历——他竟然看不出来那是个很合理的下跌趋势。他的问题是，他让自己受到新闻、电视报导和小道消息的影响。虽然有时候他会抓对市场趋势（下跌），却始终受到惊吓（他称之为“防守”），总是在之后的行情反弹时平仓了。不知为何，他又会抱牢亏钱的仓位，使得原本表现欠佳的成绩雪上加霜。他和我谈话时所表露的心态，和他差劲的交易纪录吻合。
Having gotten his grim confession off his chest, he asked, rather testily, what my trading system had done in beans over the period. “It’s been short since June 11,” was my response. “June 11? What’s so great about that,” he managed to grumble, mentally calculating the time interval as being just five months. “June 11 of 1984,” I replied. A long silence ensued. We both knew that, having being continuously short of soybeans for the past 17 months, the profit in the position exceeded $10,000 per contract.
在一吐心中愤闷后，他不耐烦地问道，我的交易系统这段时间在黄豆市场的表现如何？我回答，“从6月11日开始，交易系统一直指示做空，”。“6月11日？那有什么了不起，”他嘟囔着，心里想这只不过是5个月的时间。我回答说，“1984年6月11日，”接着便是一段沉默。我们两人都明白，如果过去17个月持续做空黄豆，每份合约的利润会超过10000元。
Regrettably, this sort of conversation has been repeated countless times over the past 30 years, leading me to the inescapable conclusion that each trader’s worst enemy is neither the market nor the other players. It is he, himself…aided and abetted by his misguided hopes and fears, his lack of discipline to trade with the trend and to allow profits to run while limiting losses on bad positions, his boredom and inertia, his apparent need for “action,” and his lack of confidence in his own (frequently correct) analysis and trading decisions.
遗憾的是，过去30年来，这类谈话一直重复不断，我得下结论说，任何一位交易者最大的敌人绝不是市场或其他玩家，而是他自己。他们的缺点表现在：受到妄想的鼓舞，受到恐惧的教唆，没有顺势交易，不会“截住损失，让利润奔跑”，感到无聊，坏习惯，冲动交易，对自己（经常是正确的）分析和交易决策缺乏信心。
Someone once said that the surest way to make a small fortune in futures trading is to start with a large fortune. Unfortunately, there is considerable truth in that bit of cynical logic. Clearly, the losers outnumber the winners by a substantial margin. So what is it that continues to attract an increasing number of investors to this game? For me, it is the knowledge-confirmed by nearly 30 years of personal experience - that the futures market is clearly the best way for an investor to have the opportunity to parlay a modest initial stake into a substantial fortune. For a trade firm or financial institution the futures markets present a means of laying off (hedging) financial risks and, in fact, having the potential to make a profit on dealings that would otherwise be a sure loss. Countless family fortunes and international mercantile empires had their humble beginnings in canny and profitable commodity dealings.
有人曾经说，要想在期货交易上赚到一笔财富，最确定的方法是先要拥有一大笔财富。不幸的事是，这种愤世嫉俗式的逻辑却隐含着普遍的真理。很明显，输家比赢家多得多。既然如此，为什么这个游戏仍然能吸引一批又一批投资者？根据我近30年来的经验，我认为期货市场显然对投资者而言，诱惑就是一开始就有机会以一小笔赌本赢到巨大财富。对贸易商和金融机构而言，期货市场则提供了一种对冲财务风险的方法，而且还能够在交易中获利，相反，也会亏损。无数家族的财富以及国际商业王国都是以精明且获利十足的期货交易起家的。
But surely it takes far more than desire and wishful thinking for the operator to break into the winners circle. To be successful, an investor must be practical and objective, pragmatic and disciplined, and, above all, independent and confident in his analysis and market strategy. One maxim, which has consistently guided me ring scores of trading campaigns, comes from Jesse Livermore, perhaps the most successful lone market operator ring the first half of this century: “There is only one side of the market, and it is not the bull side or bear side, but the right side.”
交易者要想进入赢家行列，光有欲望和一厢情愿的想法是肯定不行的。要想成功，投资者必须实际而且客观，务实而且守纪律，更重要的是，要独立，并对自己独到的分析和市场策略满怀信心。在无数次的交易中，始终指引我的一句名言即来自于杰西•利弗莫尔，他或许是本世纪头50年间最成功的独立交易者。他表示：“市场只有一个方向，不是多头，也不是空头，而是做对的方向。”
I’ve spent my entire professional career as a practitioner in quest of speculative profits. But I still consider myself both student and practitioner for, in reality, you never stop learning about markets, price trends, and trading strategy. After all these years, I’m still concerned with the quest for profits - no, for substantial profits - from the markets. Considering the tremendous financial risks involved, the emotional strain, and the feelings of loneliness, isolation, self-doubt, and, at times, sheer terror which are the futures operator’s almost constant companions, you shouldn’t be content with merely making “profits.” Substantial profits must be your goal.
我一生以追求投机利润作为我的专业生涯。但我还是认定自己即是学生又是专业交易者，毕竟在现实里，你必须坚持研究市场、价格趋势和交易策略。经历这些年，我仍关心从市场上获取利润——不，是获取暴利。但在衡量巨大的财务风险、紧张、孤独、孤立、疑虑、甚至莫名的恐惧，当然这几乎都是期货交易者的经常伴侣，你不应该只以“利润”为满足，暴利必须成为你的目标。
That is what this book is all about. It’s about the strategy and the tactics of seeking substantial profits from the markets. It’s about getting aboard a significant trend near its inception and riding it to as near to its conclusion as humanly possible. It is about making more on your winning trades and losing less on your losers. It is about pyramiding your winning positions to maximize profits while keeping losses under control.
这就是本书所要谈的。本书内容涉及从市场赚取暴利的策略以及战术。本书要谈的是如何在市场即将发动大行情之际上车，并且力所能及地稳坐到行情结束。本书内容也包括教你如何在赚钱的交易赚得更多，在亏钱的交易亏得更少。本书也会告诉你在赚钱的仓位中以金字塔方式加仓以追求最大利润并控制好亏损。
It is my belief, confirmed in the real world of tens of thousands of trades made by hundreds of traders, that viable money management strategy and tactics are as important to an overall profitable operation as a first-class trading system or technique.
我相信，已经有几百个交易者通过成千上万次的交易实战确认了，有效的资金管理策略和战术，与一流的交易系统或技术一样重要。
And, although I would ideally prefer to have both, my priority would be for the best in strategy and tactics. You will do better, in my option, with first-class strategy and tactics and a mediocre trading system than the reverse. A significant portion of this book will be concerned with elaborating on that premise because I consider first-class strategy and tactics as the linchpin of any successful trading campaign.
另外，对于上面所说的，虽然理想上我希望二者兼备，但我会首选一流的策略和战术，辅以普通的交易系统。我认为，如果运用一流的策略和战术，辅以普通的交易系统，结果会比你运用一流的交易系统，辅以普通的策略和战术要好。本书大部分内容会详细说明这个结论，因为我认为一流的策略和战术是一切成功交易的关键。
One final word before you embark on this book. Readers may write to me, in care of the publisher, about any aspects of this book they would like to discuss further. I will respond to the best of my ability and time availability.
在阅读本书之前，还要提醒一点。读者可以写信给我，请出版商转交，我愿意进一步和读者讨论书中的任何问题。我会尽已所能并抓紧时间回复。（张轶注：克罗在1999年去世了。）
Stanley Kroll
斯坦利•克罗
Ⅵ 期货的英文怎么说
一、期货的英文是forward;[经]futures。
1、[future;futures]∶为在未来交货而买卖的股票或商品。
2、[position]∶期货合同的买进或卖出的简称--商品交易所术语。
Ⅶ 货币期货 功课(Currency Futures)
首先，用IRP进行计算，F应该等于（1.04）＊1.45/（1.03），得出答案是1.464.
而这个F小于题目给出的F360=1.48，所以可以套利。
然后，从美国借14500美金（一年之后还15080美金）。然后把14500美金按照现在的即期汇率换成10000欧元。存入欧洲的银行。一年之后得到10300欧元。然后按照F＝1.48的汇率换成美金等于15244美金。还银行15080美金，赚了164美金。
我是这样做的，不知道对不对。
Ⅷ 期货市场中现货贴水对期货价格走势有怎样的影响从哪里可以看到现货市场的价格和交易量
一般期货软件上有现货的价格走势 升贴水就是为了平衡期货和现货物价的
我是天津贵金属交易所138号会员和天津渤海商品交易所的155号会员 现货和天通金的贸易投资 更多咨询可以给我发消息或者加我企鹅
Ⅸ 期货交易名言
期货交易 [qī huò jiāo yì]
期货交易是以现货交易为基础，以远期合同交易为雏形而发展起来的一种高级的交易方式。它是指为转移市场价格波动风险，而对那些大批量均质商品所采取的，通过经纪人在商品交易所内，以公开竞争的形式进行期货合约的买卖形式。[1]
期货，通常指的是期货合约，是一份合约。由期货交易所统一制定的、在将来某一特定时间和地点交割一定数量标的物的标准化合约。这个标的物，又叫基础资产，对期货合约所对应的现货，可以是某种商品，如铜或原油，也可以是某个金融工具，如外汇、债券，还可以是某个金融指标，如三个月同业拆借利率或股票指数。期货交易是市场经济发展到一定阶段的必然产物。
期货交易，是期货合约买卖交换的活动或行为。注意区分，期货交割是另外一个概念，期货交割，是期货合约内容里规定的标的物（基础资产）在到期日的交换活动或行为。
中文名
期货交易
外文名
Futures trade
性质
活动
目的
规避风险
定义
一般是指期货合约
快速
导航
手续费
发展历史
交易流程
行业现状
法律法规
期货介绍
交易特征
期权交易
结算交易
交易流程
法律性质
管理条例
市场构成
交易介绍
期货交易（Futures Transaction），是一种活动或买卖行为过程。期货交易特有的套期保值功能、防止市场过度波动功能、节约商品流通费用功能以及促进公平竞争功能对于发展中国日益活跃的商品流通体制具有重要意义。
中国的期货交易有了很大的发展，但是由于缺乏相应的立法，各地各行其是，使得期货交易处于无法可依的状态，且过度投机行为盛行。加强期货交易的专门立法极为必要。
Ⅹ 期货的英文怎么说
期货
[词典] forward; [经] futures;
[例句]这一报告可能会在今天开市后刺激一些人买进玉米期货。
This report could spur some buying in corn futures when the market opens today