资产证券化cdo

❶ 请教关于CDO

如果中英文皆可的话,我觉得英文的资料更权威和想尽:
Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) are an unregulated type of asset-backed security and structured credit proct. CDOs are constructed from a portfolio of fixed-income assets. These assets are divided by the issuer into different tranches: senior tranches (rated AAA), mezzanine tranches (AA to BB), and equity tranches (unrated). Losses are applied in reverse order of seniority and so junior tranches offer higher coupons (interest rates) to compensate for the added default risk. Since 1987, CDOs have become an important funding vehicle for fixed-income assets.

Some news and media commentary blame the financial woes of the 2007-2008 credit crunch on the complexity of CDO procts, and the failure of risk and recovery models used by credit rating agencies to value these procts. Some institutions buying CDOs lacked the competency to monitor credit performance and/or estimate expected cash flows. On the other hand, some academics maintain that because the procts are not priced by an open market, the risk associated with the securities is not priced into its cost and is not indicative of the extent of the risk to potential purchasers.[1] As many CDO procts are held on a mark to market basis, the paralysis in the credit markets and the collapse of liquidity in these procts led to substantial write-downs in 2007. Major loss of confidence occurred in the validity of the process used by ratings agencies to assign credit ratings to CDO tranches and this loss of confidence persists into 2008.
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Market history and growth
* 2 Concept
* 3 Structures
* 4 Taxation of CDOs
* 5 Types of CDOs
* 6 Types of Collateral
* 7 Transaction Participants
o 7.1 Investors
o 7.2 Underwriter
o 7.3 The Asset Manager
o 7.4 The Trustee and Collateral Administrator
o 7.5 Accountants
o 7.6 Attorneys
* 8 Subprime mortgage crisis
* 9 See also
* 10 References
* 11 External links

[edit] Market history and growth

The first CDO was issued in 1987 by bankers at now-defunct Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc. for Imperial Savings Association, a savings institution that later became insolvent and was taken over by the Resolution Trust Corporation on June 22, 1990.[2][3][4] A decade later, CDOs emerged as the fastest growing sector of the asset-backed synthetic securities market. This growth may reflect the increasing appeal of CDOs for a growing number of asset managers and investors, which now include insurance companies, mutual fund companies, unit trusts, investment trusts, commercial banks, investment banks, pension fund managers, private banking organizations, other CDOs and structured investment vehicles.

CDOs offered returns that were sometimes 2-3 percentage points higher than corporate bonds with the same credit rating.

It may also reflect the greater profit margins that CDOs provide to their manufacturers.

A major factor in the growth of CDOs was the 2001 introction by David X. Li of Gaussian copula models, which allowed for the rapid pricing of CDOs. [5][6]

According to the Securities Instry and Financial Markets Association, aggregate global CDO issuance totaled US$ 157 billion in 2004, US$ 272 billion in 2005, US$ 552 billion in 2006 and US$ 503 billion in 2007.[7] Research firm Celent estimated the size of the CDO global market to close to $2 trillion by the end of 2006.[8]

[edit] Concept

CDOs vary in structure and underlying assets, but the basic principle is the same. Essentially a CDO is a corporate entity constructed to hold assets as collateral and to sell packages of cash flows to investors. A CDO is constructed as follows:

* A special purpose entity (SPV) acquires a portfolio of credit. Common assets held include mortgage-backed securities, Commercial Real Estate (CRE) debt, and high-yield corporate loans.

* The SPV issues different classes of bonds and equity and the proceeds are used to purchase the portfolio of credits. The bonds and equity are entitled to the cash flows from the portfolio of credits, in accordance with the Priority of Payments set forth in the transaction documents. The senior notes are paid from the cash flows before the junior notes and equity notes. In this way, losses are first borne by the equity notes, next by the junior notes, and finally by the senior notes. In this way, the senior notes, junior notes, and equity notes offer distinctly different combinations of risk and return, while each reference the same portfolio of debt securities.

A CDO investor takes a position in an entity that has defined risk and reward, not directly in the underlying assets. Therefore, the investment is dependent on the quality of the metrics and assumptions used for defining the risk and reward of the tranches.

The issuer of the CDO, typically an investment bank, earns a commission at time of issue and earns management fees ring the life of the CDO. An investment in a CDO is therefore an investment in the cash flows of the assets, and the promises and mathematical models of this intermediary, rather than a direct investment in the underlying collateral. This differentiates a CDO from a mortgage or a mortgage-backed security (MBS).

The loss of an investor's principal is applied in reverse order of seniority (i.e., highest credit risk tranches to lowest). The senior tranche is protected by the subordinated security structure; thus, it is the most highly rated tranche. The equity tranche (also known as the first-loss tranche or "toxic waste") is most vulnerable, and has to offer higher coupons to compensate for the higher risk.

Creating CDOs from other CDOs creates enormous problems for accounting, allowing large financial institutions to move debt off their books by pooling their debt with other financial institutions and then bringing these debts back on to their books calling it a Synthetic CDO asset. [9] This not only has allowed financial institutions to hide their losses, but has allowed them to inflate their earnings.[10] This has the unfortunate effect of doubling potential losses book-wise[11].

[edit] Structures

CDO is a broad term that can refer to several different types of procts. They can be categorized in several ways. The primary classifications are as follow:

Source of funds -- cash flow vs. market value

* Cash flow CDOs pay interest and principal to tranche holders using the cash flows proced by the CDO's assets. Cash flow CDOs focus primarily on managing the credit quality of the underlying portfolio.
* Market value CDOs attempt to enhance investor returns through the more frequent trading and profitable sale of collateral assets. The CDO asset manager seeks to realize capital gains on the assets in the CDO's portfolio. There is greater focus on the changes in market value of the CDO's assets. Market value CDOs are longer-established, but less common than cash flow CDOs.

Motivation -- arbitrage vs. balance sheet

* Arbitrage transactions (cash flow and market value) attempt to capture for equity investors the spread between the relatively high yielding assets and the lower yielding liabilities represented by the rated bonds. The majority, 86%, of CDOs are arbitrage-motivated[12].
* Balance sheet transactions, by contrast, are primarily motivated by the issuing institutions’ desire to remove loans and other assets from their balance sheets, to rece their regulatory capital requirements and improve their return on risk capital. A bank may wish to offload the credit risk in order to rece its balance sheet's credit risk.

Funding -- cash vs. synthetic

* Cash CDOs involve a portfolio of cash assets, such as loans, corporate bonds, asset-backed securities or mortgage-backed securities. Ownership of the assets is transferred to the legal entity (known as a special purpose vehicle) issuing the CDO's tranches. The risk of loss on the assets is divided among tranches in reverse order of seniority. Cash CDO issuance exceeded $400 billion in 2006.
* Synthetic CDOs do not own cash assets like bonds or loans. Instead, synthetic CDOs gain credit exposure to a portfolio of fixed income assets without owning those assets through the use of credit default swaps, a derivatives instrument. (Under such a swap, the credit protection seller, the CDO, receives periodic cash payments, called premiums, in exchange for agreeing to assume the risk of loss on a specific asset in the event that asset experiences a default or other credit event.) Like a cash CDO, the risk of loss on the CDO's portfolio is divided into tranches. Losses will first affect the equity tranche, next the mezzanine tranches, and finally the senior tranche. Each tranche receives a periodic payment (the swap premium), with the junior tranches offering higher premiums.

A synthetic CDO tranche may be either funded or unfunded. Under the swap agreements, the CDO could have to pay up to a certain amount of money in the event of a credit event on the reference obligations in the CDO's reference portfolio. Some of this credit exposure is funded at the time of investment by the investors in funded tranches. Typically, the junior tranches that face the greatest risk of experiencing a loss have to fund at closing. Until a credit event occurs, the proceeds provided by the funded tranches are often invested in high-quality, liquid assets or placed in a GIC (Guaranteed Investment Contract) account that offers a return that is a few basis points below LIBOR. The return from these investments plus the premium from the swap counterparty provide the cash flow stream to pay interest to the funded tranches. When a credit event occurs and a payout to the swap counterparty is required, the required payment is made from the GIC or reserve account that holds the liquid investments. In contrast, senior tranches are usually unfunded since the risk of loss is much lower. Unlike a cash CDO, investors in a senior tranche receive periodic payments but do not place any capital in the CDO when entering into the investment. Instead, the investors retain continuing funding exposure and may have to make a payment to the CDO in the event the portfolio's losses reach the senior tranche. Funded synthetic issuance exceeded $80 billion in 2006. From an issuance perspective, synthetic CDOs take less time to create. Cash assets do not have to be purchased and managed, and the CDO's tranches can be precisely structured.

* Hybrid CDOs are an intermediate instrument between cash CDOs and synthetic CDOs. The portfolio of a hybrid CDO includes both cash assets as well as swaps that give the CDO credit exposure to additional assets. A portion of the proceeds from the funded tranches is invested in cash assets and the remainder is held in reserve to cover payments that may be required under the credit default swaps. The CDO receives payments from three sources: the return from the cash assets, the GIC or reserve account investments, and the CDS premiums.

Single-tranche CDOs
The flexibility of credit default swaps is used to construct Single Tranche CDOs (bespoke CDOs) where the entire CDO is structured specifically for a single or small group of investors, and the remaining tranches are never sold but held by the dealer based on valuations from internal models. Resial risk is delta-hedged by the dealer.

Variants
Unlike CDOs, which are terminating structures that typically wind-down or refinance at the end of their financing term, Structured Operating Companies are permanently capitalized variants of CDOs, with an active management team and infrastructure. They often issue term notes, commercial paper, and/or auction rate securities, depending upon the structural and portfolio characteristics of the company. Credit Derivative Procts Companies (CDPC) and Structured Investment Vehicles (SIV) are examples, with CDPC taking risk synthetically and SIV with predominantly 'cash' exposure.

❷ 求CDO与ABS和MBS的区别

abs和mbs是资产证券化的两个分支，除了住房抵押贷款以外的证券化都属于abs，cdo是abs下的一个分类，cdo又可以分为clo（loan）和cbo(bond)

❸ 经济学中ABS与CDO有什么区别

ABS和CDO两者的区别主要体现在以下三个方面：

一、二者的标的资产（即资产池内的资产）不同。

ABS（狭义）的资产池是房产抵押贷款以外的债权，如：信用卡应收账款、租赁租金、汽车贷款债权等。

CDO的资产池主要是一些债务工具，如：高收益的债券（HighYieldBonds）、新兴市场公司债券（EmergingMarketCorporateDebt）、国家债券（SovereignDebt）、银行贷款（BankLoans）等。

二、债权人的数量不同。

ABS的债权人至少有上千个以上。

CDO的债权人约为100-200个左右，少于100个的也常见。

三、标的资产的相关性要求不同

ABS的资产讲究一致性。它的债权性质、到期日都很相似，甚至希望资产能够源自一个创始者，以便适度地掌握现金流。

CDO的各个债权讲究相异性，资金来源不能相同，资金来源的相关性愈小愈好，以达到充分分散风险的要求。

(3)资产证券化cdo扩展阅读：

1. ABS，即资产支持证券（AssetBackedSecurities），是将房地产抵押贷款债权以外的资产汇成资产池发行的证券，它实际上是MBS技术在其他资产上的推广和应用。

2. CDO，即担保债务凭证（CollateralizedDebtObligation），是一种新型的ABS，指以抵押债务信用为基础，基于各种资产证券化技术，对债券、贷款等资产进行结构重组，重新分割投资回报和风险，以满足不同投资者需要的创新性衍生证券产品。

3. 从本质上来讲ABS和 CDO都是资产证券化产品，ABS指资产支持证券，狭义的ABS不包括CDO。CDO指担保债务凭证。

❹ CDO，CMO，CDS，MBS，ABS他们之间的区别和联系

区别

一、定义不同

CDO：债务抵押证券业务（colleteralized debt obligation），是以资产证券化技术为基础，对债券、贷款等资产进行结构性重组后产生的创新产品。

CMO：首席营销官（Chief Marketing Officer）是指企业中负责市场运营工作的高级管理人员，又称作市场部经理、营销总监。

CDS：信用违约互换（Credit Default Swap）。CDS类似于两个参与主体之间的保险合约，一个是保护卖方（保险人），另一个是保护买方（被保险人）。保护买方寻求资产保护避免本金的损失。保护卖方同意提供保险但收取一定费用。

MBS：包括住房抵押贷款支持证券（RMBS）和商业（不动产）抵押贷款支持证券（CMBS）。

ABS：（Asset backed securities）资产支持证券。这里的资产（Asset）包括信用卡应收款项、住房抵押贷款、学生贷款、汽车贷款以及租赁契约等。

二、针对对象不同

CDO针对资产证券。

CMO针对高级管理人员。

CDS针对信用及保险合约，CDS可以面向各类投资者，个人、银行、对冲基金、社保、养老金、保险公司等等。

MBS针对抵押贷款支持证券。

ABS针对资产支持证券，ABS中的Asset 可以指房贷，也可以是企业债、租赁、学生贷款、信用卡债等等各种形式的债权。。各自针对的对象不同。

联系

1、从领域上

CDO，CMO，CDS，MBS，ABS都可以叫做信用衍生产品。

2、从范围上

CDS是所有信用衍生产品的基石，也是目前全球交易最为广泛的场外信用衍生品。

MBS可以分为过手证券（这里，所有的投资者都获得同样的收益并承担同样的风险）和分级偿还证券（就是抵押贷款担保证券CMO ）。一个CMO被切割成几类票据（或资产挡），代表了各自的责任，简单说就是可以分层。

3、从书写上

将MBS中的M（mortgage）用A（Asset）代替就成了ABS（Asset backed securities，资产支持证券）。

4、从先后关系上

第一个CDO是在1988年构建的，由包含高收益债券的担保池支持，叫做债券担保证券（Collateralized bond Obligation，CBO）。

之后，发行人扩展了参考资产的范围，就形成了债务担保证券（Collateralized Debt Obligation，CDO），包括杠杆贷款、信托优先证券、新兴市场主权债务、ABS、CMBS、商品以及市政债券等等。

(4)资产证券化cdo扩展阅读

CDO，CMO，CDS，MBS，ABS等信用衍生产品的共同作用

1、分散信用风险

信用衍生产品的出现使信用风险管理有了属于自己的技术，将信用风险从其它风险中剥离并转移出去，从而较好地解决了银行在风险管理实践中的信用悖论问题。

借助于信用衍生产品，银行既可以避免信用风险的过度集中，又能继续保持与客户的业务关系，无疑对传统银行业的经营理念具有革命意义。

2、提高资本回报率

金融资产的风险收益特征可通过预期收益与意外损失两个参数来表示。通过减少意外损失高、预期收益低的资产，或增加有正贡献的资产，来提高预期收益和意外损失的比率，可以达到提高资产组合预期业绩的目的。

3、提高基础市场流动性

信用衍生产品把金融资产中的信用风险分离出来，并通过信用分层、信用增级、破产隔离等金融工程尤其是信用工程技术，重新改变金融资产的风险收益特征，将其改造成可交易的金融产品，从而大大增强了金融市场的流动性。

4、提高金融市场效率

在有信用衍生产品的金融交易中，由于出现了信用风险的第三方购买者，极大地减轻金融市场上由于信息不对称所产生的逆向选择和道德风险问题，从而降低了金融交易成本，有力地促进了金融市场上的运行效率。

❺ 市场是如何错误判断abs cdo的

ABS ,Assets- backed Of Securitization，这个说起来太复杂了，简单说，就是资产证券化是以特定资产组合或特定现金流为支持，发行可交易证券的一种融资形式。传统的证券发行是以为基础，而资产证券化则是以特定的资产池为基础发行证券。
在资产证券化过程中发行的以资产池为基础的证券就称为证券化产品。
资产证券化(asset-backed securitization)是指将缺乏流动性的资产，转换为在金融市场上可以自由买卖的证券的行为，使其具有流动性。

cdo,Collateralized Debt Obligation，资产证劵化的重要主成部分，它的标的资产通常是信贷资产或债券。按资产有2个重要的分支：CLO(Collateralised Loan Obligation)和CBO(Collateralised Bond Obligation)。前者指的是信贷资产的证券化，后者指的是市场流通债券的再证券化。但是它们都统称为CDO。

cds,Credit Default Swap,或者被称为贷款违约保险，是目前全球交易最为广泛的场外信用衍生品。cds的出现解决了信用风险的流动性问题，使得信用风险可以像市场风险一样进行交易，从而转移担保方风险，同时也降低了发行债券的难度和成本，也是08年导致雷曼破产的主要商品之一。

❻ MBS、CDO、ABS、CLO分别是什么意思各是什么用途

1、MBS：抵押支持债券或者抵押贷款证券化。MBS是最早的资产证券化品种。最早产生于60年代美国。

用途：利用贷款集合体定期发生的本金及利息的现金流入发行证券，并由政府机构或政府背景的金融机构对该证券进行担保。

2、CDO：资产证券化家族中重要的组成部分。它的标的资产通常是信贷资产或债券。

用途：通常创始银行将拥有现金流量的资产汇集群组，然后作资产包装及分割，转给特殊目的载体（Special Purpose Vehicle），以私募或公开发行方式卖出固定收益证券或受益凭证。

3、ABS

资产支持证券是由受托机构发行的、代表特定目的信托的信托受益权份额。受托机构以信托财产为限向投资机构承担支付资产支持证券收益的义务。其支付基本来源于支持证券的资产池产生的现金流。

用途：

信贷资产信托给受托机构，由受托机构发行的，以该财产所产生的现金支付其收益的收益证券。换言之，资产支持证券就是由特定目的的信托受托机构发行的、代表特定目的的信托的信托收益权份额。信托机构以信托财产为限向投资机构承担支付资产支持证券收益的义务。

4、CLO：贷款抵押债券，是将大量贷款证券化后拆分卖给不同的投资者的产品。

用途：贷款抵押债券，是将大量贷款证券化后拆分卖给不同的投资者的产品。贷款归还的利息和本金并不平均分配给所有CLO持有人，持有人被划分为不同的级别，叫做tranches，不同级别的收益率不同，承担的风险也有所区别。

有为保守投资者设计的级别（风险较低、收益较低，类似文中的债权形式CLO），也有为风险偏好较高的投资者设计的级别（风险较高、收益较高，类似文中的股权形式CLO）。

(6)资产证券化cdo扩展阅读：

债券的基本特征：

1、偿还性

偿还性是指债券有规定的偿还期限，债务人必须按期向债权人支付利息和偿还本金。

2、流动性

流动性是指债券持有人可按需要和市场的实际状况，灵活地转让债券，以提前收回本金和实现投资收益。

3、安全性

安全性是指债券持有人的利益相对稳定，不随发行者经营收益的变动而变动，并且可按期收回本金。

4、收益性

收益性是指债券能为投资者带来一定的收入，即债券投资的报酬。在实际经济活动中，债券收益可以表现为三种形式：一是投资债券可以给投资者定期或不定期地带来利息收入：二是投资者可以利用债券价格的变动，买卖债券赚取差额；三是投资债券所获现金流量再投资的利息收入。

❼ abs,cdo是什么东西啊麻烦

ABS，即资产支持证券（Asset Backed Securities），是将房地产抵押贷款债权以外的资产汇成资产池发行的证券，它实际上是MBS技术在其他资产上的推广和应用。

CDO，即担保债务凭证（Collateralized Debt Obligation），是一种新型的ABS，指以抵押债务信用为基础，基于各种资产证券化技术，对债券、贷款等资产进行结构重组，重新分割投资回报和风险，以满足不同投资者需要的创新性衍生证券产品。

两者都是把资产证券化。

❽ 什么是cdo

担保债务凭证，简称CDO，资产证券化家族中重要的组成部分。它的标的资产通常是信贷资产或债券。这也就衍生出了它按资产分类的重要的两个分支：CLO(Collateralised Loan Obligation)和CBO(Collateralised Bond Obligation)。前者指的是信贷资产的证券化，后者指的是市场流通债券的再证券化。但是它们都统称为CDO。
担保债务凭证(Collateralized Debt Obligation, CDO)是一种固定收益证券，现金流量之可预测性较高，不仅提供投资人多元的投资管道以及增加投资收益，更强化了金融机构之资金运用效率，移转不确定风险。凡具有现金流量的资产，都可以作为证券化的标的。通常创始银行将拥有现金流量的资产汇集群组，然后作资产包装及分割，转给特殊目的载体（Special Purpose Vehicle），以私募或公开发行方式卖出固定收益证券或受益凭证。CDO背后的为一些债务工具，如高收益的债券、新兴市场公司债或国家债券、银行贷款或其它次顺位证券。传统的ABS其资产池可能为信用卡应收帐款、现金卡应收帐款、租赁租金、汽车贷款债权等，而CDO背后的支撑则是一些债务工具， 如高收益的债券( high - yield bonds)、新兴市场公司债或国家债券(Emerging Market Corporate Debt、Sovereign)，亦可包含传统的ABS（Assets Backed Securities）、住宅抵押贷款证券化(Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities, RMBS)及商用不动产抵押贷款证券化( Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities, CMBS)等资产证券化商品。

❾ ABS、CDO、CDS

ABS ,Assets- backed Of Securitization，这个说起来太复杂了，简单说，就是资产证券化是以特定资产组合或特定现金流为支持，发行可交易证券的一种融资形式。传统的证券发行是以企业为基础，而资产证券化则是以特定的资产池为基础发行证券。
在资产证券化过程中发行的以资产池为基础的证券就称为证券化产品。
资产证券化(asset-backed securitization)是指将缺乏流动性的资产，转换为在金融市场上可以自由买卖的证券的行为，使其具有流动性。

cdo,Collateralized Debt Obligation，资产证劵化的重要主成部分，它的标的资产通常是信贷资产或债券。按资产有2个重要的分支：CLO(Collateralised Loan Obligation)和CBO(Collateralised Bond Obligation)。前者指的是信贷资产的证券化，后者指的是市场流通债券的再证券化。但是它们都统称为CDO。

cds,Credit Default Swap,或者被称为贷款违约保险，是目前全球交易最为广泛的场外信用衍生品。cds的出现解决了信用风险的流动性问题，使得信用风险可以像市场风险一样进行交易，从而转移担保方风险，同时也降低了企业发行债券的难度和成本，也是08年导致雷曼破产的主要商品之一。

❿ 金融中CDO什么意思

CDO:CDO业务是债务抵押证券业务（colleteralized debt obligation）,是以资产证券化技术为基础，对债券、贷款等资产进行结构性重组后产生的创新产品。云掌财经为您解答