1. 求有关中小企业融资英文文献（带翻译）
不知道下面的行不行，希望你能用上。
除了下面给出地，你也可以瞧瞧偶给其他人的解答http://..com/question/98953036.htmlCommercial Financing Solutions - Think Outside The Bank July,2007 by Stephen BushCommercial financing borrowers are likely to feel that a traditional bank is their best source for business financing. However, because most traditional banks focus on a small number of established instries, non-traditional (non-bank) and non-local commercial lenders should be considered for most commercial financing situations. Therefore the recommended commercial financing strategy (as discussed in this article) is to Think Outside the Bank”. There are several commercial financing situations in which commercial borrowers will frequently find that non-traditional commercial lenders are better positioned to provide terms that are more advantageous to the commercial borrower: (1) Business cash advance and credit card factoring programs; (2) commercial mortgage loans; and (3) credit card processing programs. In some cases a traditional bank will offer to provide commercial financing but will attach excessively stringent terms and covenants. In other cases a traditional bank will decline the commercial financing outright, perhaps because they do not even provide business financing to the commercial borrower’s particular instry. In either case, the commercial borrower is likely to benefit by Thinking Outside the Bank”. As I noted in an earlier commercial financing article, in many non-competitive business financing situations it is not unusual for a local traditional bank to impose harsher commercial financing terms than would typically be seen in a more competitive business financing market. Such traditional banks routinely take advantage of a relative lack of other commercial lenders in their local market. An appropriate response by commercial borrowers is to seek out non-bank commercial financing options. It is neither necessary nor wise for commercial borrowers to depend only upon local traditional banks for commercial financing solutions. For most commercial financing situations, a non-local and non-bank commercial lender is likely to provide improved business financing terms because they are accustomed to competing aggressively with other commercial lenders. COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE ONE - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK Business Cash Advance and Credit Card Receivables Programs Most businesses that accept credit cards in their business will qualify for a business cash advance with their credit card receivables. Traditional banks will typically be very poor candidates to consider if a business needs assistance with credit card factoring and business cash advances. Because even thriving businesses frequently need more cash than they can borrow from a bank, it can be of critical importance for a business to Think Outside the Bank” and locate non-traditional lenders to assist with this commercial financing need. COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE TWO - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK Commercial Mortgage Loans Two of the most common commercial financing difficulties experienced by commercial borrowers can be avoided if they Think Outside the Bank”. The first commercial financing situation is the prevailing practice of traditional banks to avoid most special purpose properties (such as funeral homes and churches). The second commercial financing situation is the typical practice of most commercial banks to attach balloon and/or recall provisions to their commercial loans (which means that the bank can require early repayment of the commercial loan under various conditions). Both of these undesirable commercial financing situations can usually and easily be avoided by considering a non-traditional and non-bank lender. COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE THREE - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK Credit Card Processing Programs The choice of an appropriate credit card processing service can be instrumental in improving the profitability of businesses with a high volume of credit card activity. The analysis of credit card processing providers can be effectively combined with the credit card factoring and credit card receivables process described above. In assessing a business cash advance program, it is frequently possible to simultaneously arrange for a substantial improvement in the merchant’s credit card processing program. Because traditional banks are usually not competitive in providing assistance with credit card factoring, it is equally likely that a non-traditional lender will be the primary source of effective and competitive help with credit card processing. A closing commercial financing thought: I have written an earlier commercial financing article about commercial lenders to avoid. It should be noted that there are in fact both traditional and non-traditional (non-bank) lenders which should be avoided. So when commercial borrowers Think Outside the Bank”, it is still of critical importance that they are prepared to avoid a wide variety of problematic non-traditional commercial lenders in their search for viable commercial financing, especially when it involves business cash advance (credit card receivables and credit card factoring) programs, credit card processing services and commercial real estate financing. 商业融资处理方案-比如银行外 2007年7月由Stephen布什 商业融资的借款人可能会认为，传统的银行是他们的最佳来源的商业融资。然而，由于大多数传统银行侧重于少数设立工业，非传统（非银行）和非本地商业银行应考虑大多数商业融资的拈况。因此，提议商业融资战略（如本文中讨论）是跳出本行“ 。 有几个商业融资情况下，商业借款人常常发现，非传统的商业银行将能够更好地提供的条件更有利的商业借款人： （ 1 ）商业透支现金和信用卡保理业务程序; （ 2 ）商业按揭贷款;和（ 3 ）信用卡解决程序。在某些情况下，传统的银行将提供商业融资，但附加条件过于严格和盟约。在其他情况下，传统的银行将下降彻底的商业融资，这可能是因为他们甚至不提供商业融资，商业借款人的特定行业。在这两种情况下，商业借款人可能会受益于银行外思考“ 。 正如我在较早的商业融资的文章，在许多非竞争企业融资情况下，它并没有啥不寻常的地方传统的银行实行更加严厉的商业融资条件比通常被视为在1个更具竞争力的企业融资市场。这种传统的银行通常利用相对缺乏其他商业银行在其当地市场。作出适当的反应是由商业借款人寻找非银行的商业融资方案。这是既无必要，也明智的商业借款取决于只有在当地传统的商业银行融资解决方案。对于大多数商业融资的情况下，非本地和非银行的商业银行有可能提供更好的企业融资条件，因为他们所熟悉的竞争积极与其他商业银行。 商业融资比如-比如银行外 企业现金和信用卡应收帐款程序 大多数企业认为接受信用卡将在其业务资格的商业现金透支的信用卡应收款。传统的银行通常会是特别贫穷的候选人，以考虑是不是需要援助业务与保理业务和信用卡业务现金垫款。因为即使是蓬勃发展的企业往往需要更多的现金，他们可以比银行贷款，它可以是极其重要的商业银行外的思考“ ，并找到非传统的贷款，以协助这个商业融资的需要。 商业融资两名-比如银行外 商业按揭贷款 两个最常见的商业融资遇到困难的商业贷款，可避免假如他们认为银行外“ 。第一商业融资情况是普遍存在的做法，传统的银行，以避免最特殊用途性质（如殡仪馆和教堂） 。第二商业融资的情况是典型的做法，大多数商业银行的重视气球和/或召回规定的商业贷款（这意味着银行可以要求提前偿还的商业贷款不同条件下） 。这两种不良商业融资的情况，通常可以非常容易地避免和审议了非传统和非银行贷款。 商业融资例3 -比如银行外 信用卡处理程序 选择一个适当的信用卡处理服务，可有助于改善企业的盈利与大量的信用卡活动。分析信用卡处理供应商，オ能有效地结合信用卡保理业务和信用卡应收款上述进程。在评估企业现金透支程序时，它常常是有可能同时安排大大提高商家的信用卡处理程序。由于传统的银行通常是没有竞争力，在提供援助信用卡保理业务中，也同样可能是一个非传统的贷款将是主要来源的有效和有竞争力的帮忙，信用卡处理。 闭幕商业融资认为：我已经写的早期商业融资文章商业银行，以避免。应该指出的是，事实上，传统和非传统（非银行）贷款，应加以避免。因此，当借款人跳出商业银行“ ，它仍然是至关重要的，它们准备，以避免各种难题的非传统的商业银行在寻求可行的商业融资，尤其是当它涉及业务现金透支（信用卡应收款和信用卡保理）程序，信用卡处理服务和商业房地产融资。
2. 急求关于中小企业融资问题的英文文献
Commercial Financing Solutions - Think Outside The Bank
July,2007 by Stephen Bush
Commercial financing borrowers are likely to feel that a traditional bank is their best source for business financing. However, because most traditional banks focus on a small number of established instries, non-traditional (non-bank) and non-local commercial lenders should be considered for most commercial financing situations. Therefore the recommended commercial financing strategy (as discussed in this article) is to Think Outside the Bank”.
There are several commercial financing situations in which commercial borrowers will frequently find that non-traditional commercial lenders are better positioned to provide terms that are more advantageous to the commercial borrower: (1) Business cash advance and credit card factoring programs; (2) commercial mortgage loans; and (3) credit card processing programs. In some cases a traditional bank will offer to provide commercial financing but will attach excessively stringent terms and covenants. In other cases a traditional bank will decline the commercial financing outright, perhaps because they do not even provide business financing to the commercial borrower’s particular instry. In either case, the commercial borrower is likely to benefit by Thinking Outside the Bank”.
As I noted in an earlier commercial financing article, in many non-competitive business financing situations it is not unusual for a local traditional bank to impose harsher commercial financing terms than would typically be seen in a more competitive business financing market. Such traditional banks routinely take advantage of a relative lack of other commercial lenders in their local market. An appropriate response by commercial borrowers is to seek out non-bank commercial financing options. It is neither necessary nor wise for commercial borrowers to depend only upon local traditional banks for commercial financing solutions. For most commercial financing situations, a non-local and non-bank commercial lender is likely to provide improved business financing terms because they are accustomed to competing aggressively with other commercial lenders.
COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE ONE - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK
Business Cash Advance and Credit Card Receivables Programs
Most businesses that accept credit cards in their business will qualify for a business cash advance with their credit card receivables. Traditional banks will typically be very poor candidates to consider if a business needs assistance with credit card factoring and business cash advances. Because even thriving businesses frequently need more cash than they can borrow from a bank, it can be of critical importance for a business to Think Outside the Bank” and locate non-traditional lenders to assist with this commercial financing need.
COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE TWO - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK
Commercial Mortgage Loans
Two of the most common commercial financing difficulties experienced by commercial borrowers can be avoided if they Think Outside the Bank”. The first commercial financing situation is the prevailing practice of traditional banks to avoid most special purpose properties (such as funeral homes and churches). The second commercial financing situation is the typical practice of most commercial banks to attach balloon and/or recall provisions to their commercial loans (which means that the bank can require early repayment of the commercial loan under various conditions). Both of these undesirable commercial financing situations can usually and easily be avoided by considering a non-traditional and non-bank lender.
COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE THREE - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK
Credit Card Processing Programs
The choice of an appropriate credit card processing service can be instrumental in improving the profitability of businesses with a high volume of credit card activity. The analysis of credit card processing providers can be effectively combined with the credit card factoring and credit card receivables process described above. In assessing a business cash advance program, it is frequently possible to simultaneously arrange for a substantial improvement in the merchant’s credit card processing program. Because traditional banks are usually not competitive in providing assistance with credit card factoring, it is equally likely that a non-traditional lender will be the primary source of effective and competitive help with credit card processing.
A closing commercial financing thought: I have written an earlier commercial financing article about commercial lenders to avoid. It should be noted that there are in fact both traditional and non-traditional (non-bank) lenders which should be avoided. So when commercial borrowers Think Outside the Bank”, it is still of critical importance that they are prepared to avoid a wide variety of problematic non-traditional commercial lenders in their search for viable commercial financing, especially when it involves business cash advance (credit card receivables and credit card factoring) programs, credit card processing services and commercial real estate financing.
3. 求论文"中小企业融资困境及解决对策"的外文参考文献和中文翻译一篇
http://wenku..com/view/aa2b20eab8f67c1cfad6b8c7.html
看看这个咋样
4. 中英文对照关于中小企业融资问题与对策的外国文献
中小企业是与所处行业的大企业相比人员规模、资产规模与经营规模都比较小的经济单位。
不同国家、不同经济发展的阶段、不同行业对其界定的标准不尽相同，且随着经济的发展而动态变化。各国一般从质和量两个方面对中小企业进行定义，质的指标主要包括企业的组织形式、融资方式及所处行业地位等，量的指标则主要包括雇员人数、实收资本、资产总值等。量的指标较质的指标更为直观，数据选取容易，大多数国家都以量的标准进行划分，如美国国会2001年出台的《美国小企业法》对中小企业的界定标准为雇员人数不超过500人，英国、欧盟等在采取量的指标的同时，也以质的指标作为辅助。
世界各国和地区中小企业划分标准：
美国：雇员人数不超过500人
英国：质的规定：市场份额较小；所有者亲自管理；企业独立经营。
量的指标：小制造业：从业人员在200人以下
小建筑业、矿业：从业人员在25人以下
小零售业：年销售收入在18.5万英镑以下
小批发业：年销售收入在73万英镑以下
欧盟：雇员人数在250人以下且年产值不超过4000万埃居、或者资占年度负债总额不超过2700万埃居、且不被一个或几个大企业持有25%以上的股权。其中：雇员少于50人、年产值不超过700万埃居，或者资产年度负债总额不超过500万埃居，并且有独立法人地位的企业。
日本：制造业：从业人员300人以下或资本额3亿日元以下
批发业：从业人员100人以下或资本额1亿日元以下
零售业：从业人员50人以下或资本额5000万日元以下
服务业：从业人员100人以下或资本额5000万日元以下
我国目前对中小企业的划分标准为2003年国家经贸委、国家计委、财政部、国家统计局研究制订的《中小企业标准暂行规定》，国家统计部门据此制订大中小型企业的统计分类。
我国中小企业最新划分标准
根据第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议于2002年6月29日通过的《中华人民共和国中小企业促进法》的精神，原国家家经济贸易委员会、原国家发展计划委员会、财政部、国家统计局于2003年2月19日发布了《关于印发中小企业标准暂行规定的通知》（国经贸中小企〔2003〕143号），对主要行业的中小企业的标准作出了明确的界定。该标准是根据企业职工人数、销售额、资产总额等指标，结合行业特点制定的。按照《通知》的规定，不同行业的中小企业应该按照以下标准认定：
工业，中小型企业须符合以下条件：职工人数2000 人以下，或销售额30000 万元以下，或资产总额为40000 万元以下。其中，中型企业须同时满足职工人数300 人及以上，销售额3000 万元及以上，资产总额4000 万元及以上；其余为小型企业。
建筑业，中小型企业须符合以下条件：职工人数3000 人以下，或销售额30000 万元以下，或资产总额40000 万元以下。其中，中型企业须同时满足职工人数600 人及以上，销售额3000 万元及以上，资产总额4000 万元及以上；其余为小型企业。
批发和零售业，零售业中小型企业须符合以下条件：职工人500 人以下，或销售额15000 万元以下。其中，中型企业须同时满足职工人数100 人及以上，销售额1000 万元及以上；其余为小型企业。
批发业中小型企业须符合以下条件：职工人数200 人以下，或销售额30000 万元以下。其中，中型企业须同时满足职工人数100 人及以上，销售额3000 万元及以上；其余为小型企业。
交通运输和邮政业，交通运输业中小型企业须符合以下条件：职工人数3000 人以下，或销售额30000 万元以下。其中，中型企业须同时满足职工人数500 人及以上，销售额3000 万元及以上；其余为小型企业。邮政业中小型企业须符合以下条件：职工人数1000 人以下，或销售额30000 万元以下。其中，中型企业须同时满足职工人数400 人及以上，销售额3000 万元及以上；其余为小型企业。
不同国家、不同经济发展的阶段、不同行业对其界定的标准不尽相同，且随着经济的发展而动态变化。各国一般从质和量两个方面对中小企业进行定义，质的指标主要包括企业的组织形式、融资方式及所处行业地位等，量的指标则主要包括雇员人数、实收资本、资产总值等。量的指标较质的指标更为直观，数据选取容易，大多数国家都以量的标准进行划分，如美国国会2001年出台的《美国小企业法》对中小企业的界定标准为雇员人数不超过500人，英国、欧盟等在采取量的指标的同时，也以质的指标作为辅助。
住宿和餐饮业，中小型企业须符合以下条件：职工人数800 人以下，或销售额15000 万元以下。其中，中型企业须同时满足职工人数400 人及以上，销售额3000 万元及以上；其余为小型企业。
“职工人数”以现行统计制度中的年末从业人员数代替；“工业企业的销售额”以现行统计制度中的年产品销售收入代替；“建筑业企业的销售额会计科目”以现行统计制度中的年工程结算收入代替；“批发和零售业的销售额” 以现行统计制度中的年销售额代替；“交通运输和邮政业，住宿和餐饮业企业的销售额”以现行统计制度中的年营业收入代替；“资
产总额” 以现行统计制度中的资产合计代替。规定适用于在中华人民共和国境内依法设立的各类所有制和各种组织形式的企
业，职工人数800 人以下。企业是与所处行业的大企业相比人员规模、资产规模与经营规模都比较小的经济单位。
中小企业财务困境的现状或者表现
随着招商引资力度进一步加大和民营经济的迅猛发展，中小企业如雨后春笋般不断涌现，2003年海安国税新增纳税人1842户，比上年同期增长47 %.2004年县政府下达民营企业发展目标，要求新发展个体私营企业 9250户。不断增加的中小企业一方面增加了税源，另一方面也对基层税收管理带来很大的挑战。最近，在进行纳税评估、一般纳税人复检等工作时事，对中小企业的财务状况进行抽样调查，其结果不尽如意，提高中小企业财务核算水平、加强财务管理已刻不容缓。 Which are small and medium-sized instries and large enterprises compared to staff size, asset size and management are relatively small economic units.
Different countries and different economic development stages, in different sectors to define their standards vary, and with the economic development and dynamic change. States generally qualitative and quantitative aspects of the definition of SMEs, the main qualitative indicators, including business forms of organization, financing methods and the status of where the instry, the volume indicators are mainly the number of employees, paid-up capital, total assets and so on. Volume of more qualitative indicators of indicators more intuitive, easy data selection, the majority of countries have divided the volume of standards, such as the U.S. Congress in 2001 introced the "United States Small Business Act" for SMEs to define standards for the number of employees does not exceed 500 people, the United Kingdom, the European Union, taking the volume of indicators, but also to qualitative indicators as a supplement.
Small and medium-sized countries in the world and regional criteria for the classification:
United States: the number of employees not more than 500 people
Britain: a qualitative states: smaller market share; owners personally management; enterprises operating independently.
Volume indicators: a small manufacturing: 200 people employed in the following
Small construction, mining: 25 people employed in the following
Small retail: Sales revenue was £ 185,000 in the following
Small wholesale instry: Sales revenue was £ 730,000 in the following
EU: the number of employees in the following 250 people and an annual output value is not more than 40 million ECU, or the annual funding total liabilities are not accounted for more than 27 million ECU, and do not be one or a few large companies holding more than 25% stake. One of: less than 50 employees, annual output value of not more than 7 million ECU or an annual total liabilities assets not more than five million ECU, and have independent legal status of enterprises.
Japan: Manufacturing: 300 employees or capital below the amount of ¥ 300,000,000
Wholesale instry: 100 employees or capital below the amount of ¥ 100,000,000 following
Retail: 50 employees or capital below the amount of ¥ 50,000,000
Services: 100 employees or capital below the amount of ¥ 50,000,000 following
China's current criteria for the classification of small and medium enterprises for the 2003 National Economic and Trade Commission, the State Planning Commission, Ministry of Finance, National Bureau of Statistics to study the formulation of the "Provisional Regulations on small and medium-sized standards," which national statistical offices to develop the statistical classification of small, medium and large enterprises.
China's latest criteria for the classification of small and medium-sized
According to the Ninth National People's Congress Standing Committee meeting of 28th June 29, 2002 through the "People's Republic of China SME Promotion Law," the spirit of the former State Economic and Trade Commission at home, the former State Development Planning Commission, Ministry of Finance, National Bureau of Statistics in February 19, 2003 issued the "small and medium-sized standards regarding the issuance of the notice required under the temporary" (economic and trade SMEs 〔2003〕 No. 143), the main criteria for small and medium-sized instries has made a specific defined. The standard is based on the number of enterprise employees, sales, total assets, such as indicators, combined with the characteristics of developed instry. In accordance with the "Notice" provisions of the small and medium enterprises in different sectors should be identified in accordance with the following criteria:
Instry, small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: number of employees in 2000 the following people, or sales below 300 million yuan, or total assets of 400 million yuan for the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 300 sales and over 30 million yuan, with total assets of 40 million yuan and above; the rest for small businesses.
The construction instry, small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: number of employees 3000 people following, or sales below 300 million yuan, or total assets of 400 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 600 sales and over 30 million yuan, with total assets of 40 million yuan and above; the rest for small businesses.
Wholesale and retail trade, small and medium-sized retail enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: 500 or fewer workers, or sales of 150 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 100 sales and over 1000万元; the rest for small businesses.
Wholesale trade of small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: 200 or fewer employees, or sales of 300 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 100 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses.
Transportation and postal service, transport small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: number of employees 3000 people following, or sales of 300 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 500 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses. Post instry small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: number of employees 1000 people following, or sales of 300 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 400 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses.
Different countries and different economic development stages, in different sectors to define their standards vary, and with the economic development and dynamic change. States generally qualitative and quantitative aspects of the definition of SMEs, the main qualitative indicators, including business forms of organization, financing methods and the status of where the instry, the volume indicators are mainly the number of employees, paid-up capital, total assets and so on. Volume of more qualitative indicators of indicators more intuitive, easy data selection, the majority of countries have divided the volume of standards, such as the U.S. Congress in 2001 introced the "United States Small Business Act" for SMEs to define standards for the number of employees does not exceed 500 people, the United Kingdom, the European Union, taking the volume of indicators, but also to qualitative indicators as a supplement.
Accommodation and catering instry, small and medium enterprises have to comply with the following conditions: 800 or fewer employees, or sales of 150 million yuan the following. Among them, the medium-sized enterprises have to satisfy the needs of workers at the same time the number of people and over 400 sales and over 30 million yuan; the rest for small businesses.
"Employees" to the existing statistical system of the end of a few employees in lieu of; "sales of instrial enterprises" to the existing statistical system in lieu of annual sales revenue; "construction enterprises sales accounts" to the existing statistical system annual income in lieu of clearing works; "wholesale and retail sales" to the existing statistical system in lieu of annual sales; "transport and postal service, accommodation and catering instry sales enterprise" to the existing statistical system of the year operating income in lieu of; "funding
The total proction "to the existing statistical system in lieu of total assets. Shall apply to the territory of the People's Republic of China established by law and various organizations of various ownership forms of enterprises
Instry, number of employees below 800 people. Enterprises which are instries with large enterprises compared to staff size, asset size and management are relatively small economic units.
The status of the financial plight of small and medium-sized or the performance of
With the investment was further enlarged and the rapid development of private economy, small and medium enterprises such as the continuing mushrooming, MSC 2003, National Tax Added taxpayers 1842, more than 47 percent year-on-year growth in the county government issued .2004 private enterprise development goals requiring new development of indivial and private enterprises 9250. Increasing number of SMEs on the one hand, an increase of tax sources, on the other hand, the grass-roots tax management a great challenge. Recently, ring the tax assessment, the general taxpayer, such as job review current events, the financial situation of small and medium enterprises to conct a sample survey, the results are not smug, improve financial accounting standards for SMEs to strengthen financial management and no time to lose.
5. 关于 中小企业融资难相关 的 外文著作或者文献。。
SME financing in the UK and inChina: a comparative perspective
作者Javed Hussain, Cindy Millman and Harry Matlay UCE Business School, Birmingham, UK
我也是今年的毕业生 我觉得这个还可以 你要看的话 可以把他全选中 用有道词典翻译下 节选就可以了
6. 急求一篇中小企业融资难的外文文献 （翻译成汉字后3000字左右）
Bank Market Power and SME Financing
Constraints
Santiago
Carbo-Valverde
Bangor Business School
Gregory
F. Udell
Indiana University Bloomington - Department of
Finance
Francisco
Rodríguez-Fernández
University of Granada - Department of Economic
Theory and History
June 1, 2006
你看看这一篇，挺好的
7. 急求关于中小企业融资的外文参考文献
研究中小企业融资要参考的英文文献
英文图书和期刊类文献：
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8. 有关“中小企业融资困境及对策”的英文文献、杂志、或期刊名
你好！中国欣业问问解答团队很高兴为您解答！此答案引自网络： 建议看一下: http://..com/question/98953036.html Commercial Financing Solutions - Think Outside The Bank July,2007 by Stephen Bush Commercial financing borrowers are likely to feel that a traditional bank is their best source for business financing. However, because most traditional banks focus on a small number of established instries, non-traditional (non-bank) and non-local commercial lenders should be considered for most commercial financing situations. Therefore the recommended commercial financing strategy (as discussed in this article) is to Think Outside the Bank”. There are several commercial financing situations in which commercial borrowers will frequently find that non-traditional commercial lenders are better positioned to provide terms that are more advantageous to the commercial borrower: (1) Business cash advance and credit card factoring programs; (2) commercial mortgage loans; and (3) credit card processing programs. In some cases a traditional bank will offer to provide commercial financing but will attach excessively stringent terms and covenants. In other cases a traditional bank will decline the commercial financing outright, perhaps because they do not even provide business financing to the commercial borrower’s particular instry. In either case, the commercial borrower is likely to benefit by Thinking Outside the Bank”. As I noted in an earlier commercial financing article, in many non-competitive business financing situations it is not unusual for a local traditional bank to impose harsher commercial financing terms than would typically be seen in a more competitive business financing market. Such traditional banks routinely take advantage of a relative lack of other commercial lenders in their local market. An appropriate response by commercial borrowers is to seek out non-bank commercial financing options. It is neither necessary nor wise for commercial borrowers to depend only upon local traditional banks for commercial financing solutions. For most commercial financing situations, a non-local and non-bank commercial lender is likely to provide improved business financing terms because they are accustomed to competing aggressively with other commercial lenders. COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE ONE - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK Business Cash Advance and Credit Card Receivables Programs Most businesses that accept credit cards in their business will qualify for a business cash advance with their credit card receivables. Traditional banks will typically be very poor candidates to consider if a business needs assistance with credit card factoring and business cash advances. Because even thriving businesses frequently need more cash than they can borrow from a bank, it can be of critical importance for a business to Think Outside the Bank” and locate non-traditional lenders to assist with this commercial financing need. COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE TWO - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK Commercial Mortgage Loans Two of the most common commercial financing difficulties experienced by commercial borrowers can be avoided if they Think Outside the Bank”. The first commercial financing situation is the prevailing practice of traditional banks to avoid most special purpose properties (such as funeral homes and churches). The second commercial financing situation is the typical practice of most commercial banks to attach balloon and/or recall provisions to their commercial loans (which means that the bank can require early repayment of the commercial loan under various conditions). Both of these undesirable commercial financing situations can usually and easily be avoided by considering a non-traditional and non-bank lender. COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE THREE - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK Credit Card Processing Programs The choice of an appropriate credit card processing service can be instrumental in improving the profitability of businesses with a high volume of credit card activity. The analysis of credit card processing providers can be effectively combined with the credit card factoring and credit card receivables process described above. In assessing a business cash advance program, it is frequently possible to simultaneously arrange for a substantial improvement in the merchant’s credit card processing program. Because traditional banks are usually not competitive in providing assistance with credit card factoring, it is equally likely that a non-traditional lender will be the primary source of effective and competitive help with credit card processing. A closing commercial financing thought: I have written an earlier commercial financing article about commercial lenders to avoid. It should be noted that there are in fact both traditional and non-traditional (non-bank) lenders which should be avoided. So when commercial borrowers Think Outside the Bank”, it is still of critical importance that they are prepared to avoid a wide variety of problematic non-traditional commercial lenders in their search for viable commercial financing, especially when it involves business cash advance (credit card receivables and credit card factoring) programs, credit card processing services and commercial real estate financing. 商业融资解决方案-比如银行外 2007年7月由Stephen布什 商业融资的借款人可能会认为，传统的银行是他们的最佳来源的商业融资。然而，由于大多数传统银行侧重于少数设立工业，非传统（非银行）和非本地商业银行应考虑大多数商业融资的情况。因此，建议商业融资战略（如本文中讨论）是跳出本行“ 。 有几个商业融资情况下，商业借款人常常发现，非传统的商业银行将能够更好地提供的条件更有利的商业借款人： （ 1 ）商业透支现金和信用卡保理业务程序; （ 2 ）商业按揭贷款;和（ 3 ）信用卡处理程序。在某些情况下，传统的银行将提供商业融资，但附加条件过于严格和盟约。在其他情况下，传统的银行将下降彻底的商业融资，这可能是因为他们甚至不提供商业融资，商业借款人的特定行业。在这两种情况下，商业借款人可能会受益于银行外思考“ 。 正如我在较早的商业融资的文章，在许多非竞争企业融资情况下，它并没有什么不寻常的地方传统的银行实行更加严厉的商业融资条件比通常被视为在一个更具竞争力的企业融资市场。这种传统的银行通常利用相对缺乏其他商业银行在其当地市场。作出适当的反应是由商业借款人寻求非银行的商业融资方案。这是既无必要，也明智的商业借款取决于只有在当地传统的商业银行融资解决方案。对于大多数商业融资的情况下，非本地和非银行的商业银行有可能提供更好的企业融资条件，因为他们所熟悉的竞争积极与其他商业银行。 商业融资比如-比如银行外 企业现金和信用卡应收帐款程序 大多数企业认为接受信用卡将在其业务资格的商业现金透支的信用卡应收款。传统的银行通常会是非常贫穷的候选人，以考虑是否需要援助业务与保理业务和信用卡业务现金垫款。因为即使是蓬勃发展的企业往往需要更多的现金，他们可以比银行贷款，它可以是极其重要的商业银行外的思考“ ，并找到非传统的贷款，以协助这个商业融资的需要。 商业融资两名-比如银行外 商业按揭贷款 两个最常见的商业融资遇到困难的商业贷款，可避免如果他们认为银行外“ 。第一商业融资情况是普遍存在的做法，传统的银行，以避免最特殊用途性质（如殡仪馆和教堂） 。第二商业融资的情况是典型的做法，大多数商业银行的重视气球和/或召回规定的商业贷款（这意味着银行可以要求提前偿还的商业贷款不同条件下） 。这两种不良商业融资的情况，通常可以很容易地避免和审议了非传统和非银行贷款。 商业融资例3 -比如银行外 信用卡处理程序 选择一个适当的信用卡处理服务，可有助于改善企业的盈利与大量的信用卡活动。分析信用卡处理供应商，才能有效地结合信用卡保理业务和信用卡应收款上述进程。在评估企业现金透支程序时，它常常是有可能同时安排大大提高商家的信用卡处理程序。由于传统的银行通常是没有竞争力，在提供援助信用卡保理业务中，也同样可能是一个非传统的贷款将是主要来源的有效和有竞争力的帮助，信用卡处理。 闭幕商业融资认为：我已经写的早期商业融资文章商业银行，以避免。应当指出的是，事实上，传统和非传统（非银行）贷款，应加以避免。因此，当借款人跳出商业银行“ ，它仍然是至关重要的，它们准备，以避免各种问题的非传统的商业银行在寻求可行的商业融资，尤其是当它涉及业务现金透支（信用卡应收款和信用卡保理）程序，信用卡处理服务和商业房地产融资。